Investigating the Development, Validity, and Reliability of the Avoidance of Sports Activities Photo Scale

Investigating the Development, Validity, and Reliability of the Avoidance of Sports Activities Photo Scale

"Investigating the Development, Validity, and Reliability of the Avoidance of Sports Activities Photo Scale" is crucial in determining the specific functional status of the shoulder joint, especially for overhead athletes experiencing shoulder pain, to identify which sporting activities restrict them the most and to fill the gap in the literature. Additionally, visually indicating activities through photographs will provide visual feedback, making it easier to assess functional status. Our study aims to develop a specific functional survey for the shoulder joint in overhead athletes, examine the validity and reliability of this scale, and contribute to the literature.

Developing a valid and reliable visual assessment scale specifically targeting shoulder pain in overhead athletes with shoulder pain, aiming to evaluate shoulder pain in a specific and functional manner, and investigating its psychometric properties.The research will be conducted at Hacettepe University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Athlete Health Unit. The research will be conducted according to the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines. COSMIN guidelines recommend a minimum of 100 participants for reliability, measurement error, and validity assessments. Therefore, the study plans to include at least 100 individuals who apply to the Athlete Health Unit at Hacettepe University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation. The data collection for this planned study will be solely through surveys. The design of the study is a cross-sectional study aimed at developing and assessing the validity and reliability of the "Avoidance of Sports Activities Photo Scale." Surveys specific to the research will be implemented in the study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male and female athletes aged between 18-35,
• Engaged professionally in sports involving overhead activities for at least 3 years (volleyball, basketball, swimming, badminton, water polo, tennis, American football, handball, etc.),
• Actively participating in competitions for at least 1 year,
• Experiencing current traumatic or non-traumatic pain, or having a history of shoulder pain, or having chronic shoulder pain,
• Native Turkish speakers.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Neurological and/or rheumatological disease,
• Active local or systemic infection,
• History of cancer,
• Severe visual impairment.