Effective respiratory ventilation is achieved by moving the right amount of air to and out of the lungs while keeping the pressures at a safe level. A disposable safety device, Adult Sotair®, was created to improve manual ventilation delivery. In this superiority study, the investigators will perform two-group cross over randomized design to test the superiority of the Adult Sotair® device compared to manual ventilation alone.

Poor manual ventilation technique is a well-documented problem which occurs irrespective of a provider's qualifications or experience. A disposable safety device, Adult Sotair®, was created to improve manual ventilation delivery among providers. The device is attached to a bag valve mask (i.e. manual resuscitator) and employs a flow limiting valve mechanism to minimize excessive pressure in the airway system without venting air by capping peak flow rates at 55 L/min. For an average adult with normal lung compliance and resistance, this corresponds to a maximum airway pressure of approximately 20 cmH2O which minimizes air entry into the stomach. In this superiority study, the investigators will use a two-group cross over randomized design to test the superiority of the Adult Sotair® device compared to manual ventilation alone with respect to airway pressure.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients who are scheduled for non-emergency surgery with general anesthesia (w/artificial airway) at Rhode Island Hospital.
• American Society Of Anesthesiologists Physical Status 1 and 2

Exclusion Criteria:

• American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status >3 (e.g. respiratory disease)
• Oropharyngeal or facial pathology

The IPD that underlie the results in a publication will be shared with other researchers.

The SAP will be available at the end of the trial for three years. The data that supports the findings of the study will be available form the corresponding investigator upon reasonable request.

The care provider will not know the recorded lung function recordings.