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This study was conducted to determine the effects of actively warming the patient and using warmed intravenous (IV) fluid during cesarean section on maternal and infant well-being
This study was conducted to determine the effects of actively warming the patient and using warmed intravenous (IV) fluid during cesarean section on maternal and infant well-being.
The study was conducted in a university hospital with a total of 105 women who gave birth by cesarean section randomly selected from 35 intervention 1 (only underbody heater group), 35 intervention 2 (both underbody heater and heated IV fluid group) and 35 control group. The research data were collected with the Individual Information Form, Patient Follow-up Form and Visual Analog Scale. APGAR score, body temperature, cortisol and glucose levels were evaluated in the infant and body temperature, intraoperative bleeding, shivering, postoperative pain, gas and urination were evaluated in the mother between the three groups.
Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Shapiro Wilks, Friedman, Wilxocon, Kuruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U test were used in the evaluation of the data and significance level p<0.05 was accepted.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention 1 group | Experimental | only the group heated throughout surgery with carbon fiber underbody heaters |
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| Intervention 2 group | Active Comparator | the group that was both warmed throughout the operation with carbon fiber underbody heaters and given warmed intravenous fluids |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | routine practice of the hospital where the surgery was performed (no heater applied group) |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| İntervention 1 group (underbody heater group only) | Other | Resistive heaters can be set to 38-40°C and are used together with the control unit to which they are connected. In the study, an underbody heater (MEDWARM W 300 IM 190MS branded) system measuring 1900x500x40mm was used. In this study, the underbody heater was set to 38°C for patients. Before use, a surgical drape was placed over it to prevent direct patient contact. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal well- being | body temperature( degrees cantigrade), intraoperative bleeding (hemoglobin) , shivering(0-10) , postoperative pain (0-10), gas and urination | two day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Newborn well- being | body tempereture (degrees cantigrade), APGAR score , cortisol and glucose levels | two day |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dilek TALHAOĞLU, PhD | She was a doctoral student at Erciyes University, Institute of Health Sciences. | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erciyes Unıversty | Kayseri | Turkey (Türkiye) |
December 2025
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007035 | Hypothermia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001832 | Body Temperature Changes |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| D044382 | Population Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
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randomized controlled trial
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women undergoing elective caesarean section
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| İntervention 2 group (group using both underbody heater and heated iv liquid) | Other | IV fluids should be warmed to protect patients from unwanted hypothermia during surgery. One liter of saline solution given at room temperature decreases body temperature by 0.25˚C in adults. Therefore, the fluids given to the patient should be heated to 33 40˚C. In the guideline published by the Turkish Anesthesia Society, it is stated that if more than 1000 2000 mL of fluid is to be given to patients, it should be heated at 37°C (TARD, 2013). In this study, both IV fluids were heated between 37 and 39°C and given to the patient and heated with carbon fiber underbody heaters. |
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| Control Group | Other | no active heating treatment was applied in this group |
|
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| D008722 | Methods |
| D003710 | Demography |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |