Tuko Pamoja, "We are Together" in Kiswahili; This intervention, delivered by lay counselors and through existing community social structures, focuses on improving family relationships and mental health with content derived from evidence-based practices; these include solution-focused family therapy and cognitive behavioral strategies. It is components based, with modules delivered based on need. Tuko Pamoja includes a smart phone component to support psychoeducation components and data collection. The content and structure has been adapted in both content and implementation model based on formative research in this context.

30 self-report items developed for the local context based on formative research. Responses are endorsed on a 10-point scale and refer to the past month. One composite score is calculated; higher scores reflect better family functioning. A subset of these are administered repeatedly pre- and post-intervention as part of the single case series design multiple assessments.

A direct observational measure in which families complete standardized video-recorded activities. Behaviors are then coded on multiple domains, including ones related to positive/negative interactions, quality of communication, and problem-solving ability. Primary analyses will be conducted with higher scores indicating better functioning.

Parent-Child Relationship: from standardized scales and locally developed items. Items selected and adapted from: (1) Parental Acceptance and Rejection Questionnaire, (2) Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey: Discipline Module, (3) Discipline Interview, (4) Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale. Each include caregiver and child/adolescent report versions. Caregiver report includes 66 items; Child report includes 60 items. Participants are asked to respond based on the past month. Children report on each caregiver separately.

For primary analyses, one composite score will be calculated. For follow-up analyses, subsets of items may be analyzed, including those related specifically to harsh treatment/abuse.

A subset of these are administered repeatedly pre- and post-intervention as part of the single case series design multiple assessments.

Locally-derived items and selected items adapted from standardized scales: Conflict Tactics Scale; Dyadic Adjustment Scale; additional locally-derived items. A total of 52 items are included, referring to both self and spouse behaviors. The majority of items are based on a frequency scale, referring to the past month; some items related to spousal maltreatment assess whether behaviors have ever occurred.

As a primary outcome, responses across these items will be combined into one score. Follow-up analyses may be conducted using subsets of items to assess relationship quality and harsh treatment separately.

A subset of these are administered repeatedly pre- and post-intervention as part of the single case series design multiple assessments.

This measure will assess feasibility, acceptability, and quality of delivery model.

Fidelity (Checklists, session transcript analysis) Lay counselor competency (session transcript ratings; Adapted ENACT), including counselor use of community practices (session transcript analysis)

A composite score will be calculated, and follow-up analyses may examine subsets of items dividing fidelity and competency scores.