An online survey (n=1,500) and 4 focus groups will be conducted with Latinx patients with diabetes (n=20) to obtain preliminary data regarding whether and how patient and clinician video testimonial interventions (n=6) increase eye health literacy and trust in healthcare.

3 Latinx patients with diabetes and 3 Latinx clinicians will be recruited to videotape testimonials regarding the importance of diabetic eye screening and teleophthalmology use from their personal experiences. The investigators will structure the testimonials as a series of responses to a brief set of interview questions, or prompts, designed to elicit key messages previously identified by our community stakeholders as being particularly important, based on our prior studies and those of others and conducted in Spanish (with English subtitles).

After the Latinx patient and clinician video testimonials are recorded, a community outreach specialist bilingual in Spanish and English will facilitate a series of 4 community stakeholder meetings (90 min. each) to develop the culturally-adapted, video-based patient education intervention to increase diabetic eye screening and teleophthalmology use among Latinos.

After patient education videos are developed, an online survey will be conducted (n=1500) to test 3 versions of the video-based patient education intervention: (1) patient + clinician combined testimonials, (2) patient testimonials only, (3) clinician testimonials only, and compare them to 2 control conditions: (1) a standard educational video, publicly available online from the National Eye Institute, and (2) pre-video questionnaire-only control in a mixed-effects randomized design with pre- and post-measures (video conditions treated as the between-subjects factor).

Finally, a community outreach specialist bilingual in Spanish and English will facilitate focus groups (60-90 minutes) in the participants' preferred language (participants will be grouped based on their preference for either Spanish or English). Focus groups will begin by having each participant complete a brief survey instrument that will be read aloud and adapted from validated survey instruments for eye health literacy and trust in healthcare (CADEES and T-HCT scale). Participants will then silently view the video-based, patient education intervention (patient + clinician combined version). Afterwards, they will complete the same brief survey instrument to obtain a pre-/post-comparison of any differences in their responses that may result from viewing the video intervention.

Together with the online survey results, the investigators will test the intervention's ability to increase eye health literacy and trust in healthcare for obtaining eye care.

Inclusion Criteria (online survey participants):

• Self-Identifies as Hispanic or Latino

Inclusion Criteria (patient video testimonials):

• Self-Identifies as Hispanic or Latino
• diagnosed with diabetes
• treated at Access Community Health Centers and UW Health in Madison, WI

Inclusion Criteria (clinician video testimonials):

• Self-Identifies as Hispanic or Latino
• clinician who treats patients with diabetes at Access Community Health Centers and UW Health in Madison, WI

Inclusion Criteria (focus group participants):

• Self-Identifies as Hispanic or Latino
• diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes

Exclusion Criteria:

-

De-identified data regarding patient demographics, whether they obtained diabetic eye screening, had teleophthalmology performed, any vision-threatening eye condition identified by teleophthalmology, and whether they followed-up for in-person eye care if they screened positive will be available to share.

up to 7 years after the completion of the primary outcome

contact study PI for access