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Adolescence period; It is a transition period of rapid growth, development and maturation in biochemical, physical, social and spiritual terms, which lasts from the beginning of puberty to young adulthood. Adolescence is a predictable developmental transition period for the individual. They also encounter unpredictable situations (such as childhood illnesses). One of these conditions is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, which is the most common metabolic endocrine system disease in adolescents. Type 1 diabetes is an important health/disease transition in the life of a child and adolescent. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of the "Adaptation to Adolescence and Type 1 Diabetes Management Training Programme", prepared in line with Meleis's Transition Theory, on the adolescent's developmental transition adaptation, self-efficacy for diabetes management and glycemic control.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | In addition to the institution's routine T1DM training, the "Adjustment to Adolescence and Transition to Type 1 Diabetes Education Program" prepared in line with Meleis's Transition Theory was applied to adolescents online via the Microsoft Teams Program. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | The institution's routinely planned diabetes education was given by the pediatric diabetes education nurse. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adaptation to Adolescence and Type 1 Diabetes Management Training Program | Behavioral | The content of the Training Program was created by researchers based on Transition Theory, in line with high-level research results and international guides. Then, the necessary arrangements were made by taking the opinions of 10 experts (child health and disease nursing faculty member, child and adolescent mental health specialist, child endocrinologist, child development specialist, nutrition and dietetics specialist, sports training specialist). The content was finalized in line with the comments received. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reynolds Adjustment Screening Inventory for Adolescents | Reynolds Adjustment Screening Inventory has four subscales. These; emotional distress (10 items), antisocial behavior (8 items), positive self (6 items related to self-confidence and socialization) and anger control problems (8 items). The Cronbach alpha value of the scale is stated as 0.91. The lowest score of the scale is 32 and the highest score is 165. | This scale was administered three times at beginning, 3rd and 6th months. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes | The scale is used to determine the educational needs of adolescents or to evaluate the effectiveness of diabetes education programs. The scale consists of 26 items ranging from 1 (completely agree) to 5 (strongly disagree). The lowest total score that can be obtained from the scale is 26 and the highest is 130. A higher score indicates less self-efficacy. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.85. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ceren Calik | Akdeniz Univercity | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akdeniz Univercity | Antalya | 07100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000294 | Adolescent Behavior |
| D003922 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
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| This scale was administered three times at beginning, 3rd and 6th months. |
| Glycemic Control - Hemoglobin A1C | Glycemic control was assessed by HbA1C level. In Type 1 Diabetes, Hb A1C level is one of the basic control parameters checked in the clinic in adolescents. It is repeated routinely every 3 months when the child comes to the outpatient clinic for control for Type 1 Diabetes. | This scale was administered three times at beginning, 3rd and 6th months. |
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |