The project aims to compare the differences in the expression of cell death through apoptosis and iron-dependent cell death after the reduction of edema symptoms following lymphedema surgery in patients.

This project aims to investigate the expression of cell death through apoptosis and iron-dependent cell death in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with lymphedema. The study also seeks to explore the roles of these processes among lymphatic endothelial cells, adipocytes, and macrophages, and their association with lymphedema, thus gaining insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of lymphedema. Furthermore, the project aims to compare the differences in the expression of cell death through apoptosis and iron-dependent cell death after the reduction of edema symptoms following lymphedema surgery in patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Control Group: Patients who have not experienced lymphedema but require surgery due to other diseases such as cancer, trauma, chronic wounds, skin defects, etc.
• Experimental Group: Patients who have lymphedema and undergone lymphedema surgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1. Individuals with venous thrombosis, chronic heart failure, and renal failure.
• 2. Vulnerable populations, individuals with limited mobility, pregnant women, and minors.
• 3. Those expected to be unable to attend follow-up visits or complete the study smoothly.
• 4. Participants who express doubts about the trial and cannot provide satisfactory answers.

Patients as experimental group who has lymphedema and need to underwent surgery. Patients as control group who require surgery without lymphedema. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.