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This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding virtual reality therapy to conventional treatment in patients with chronic neck pain on pain, neck disability index, kinesiophobia, insomnia severity questionnaire, hospital anxiety depression scale, cervical range of motion and pressure pain threshold.
Neck pain is a disease that affects individuals and society worldwide. Between 50% and 85% of the general population experiences neck pain at some point in their lives, and every person who experiences neck pain is likely to experience pain again after 1-5 years. Neck pain is considered chronic if it lasts more than 3 months. Passive and active physical therapy approaches play a very important role in the treatment of neck pain. With the rapid development of technology, new developments such as virtual reality have begun to be used in the treatment of chronic neck pain.
Virtual reality (VR) is a term describing innovative, real-time, computer-based technologies that play an increasing role for many patient groups in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Virtual reality has been shown to be effective in reducing pain and discomfort in patients with different types of chronic pain. Motivation and interaction are the main practical benefits of virtual reality training, especially in video game-based therapy approaches, unlike traditional rehabilitation. Patients play the therapeutic game over and over again to achieve a better score without getting bored. Feedback, an important component of motor learning, is a prominent feature in virtual environments.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| group I | Experimental | conventional treatment As conventional treatment, patients will receive 20 minutes of hotpack and 20 minutes of TENS, 5 sessions a week for a total of 15 sessions for 3 weeks. Additionally, patients will be given cervical isometric exercises as a home exercise program. |
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| group II | Experimental | conventional treatment and virtual reality As conventional treatment, patients will receive 20 minutes of hotpack and 20 minutes of TENS, 5 sessions a week for a total of 15 sessions for 3 weeks. Additionally, patients will be given cervical isometric exercises as a home exercise program. In addition to conventional treatment, virtual reality treatment will allow patients to play games in which they can perform neck movements in all directions for 30 minutes a day, 5 sessions a week for 3 weeks.. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rehabilitation program | Other | conventional treatment (hotpack and TENS and exercise) |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Anolog Scale | It is a pain rating scale with numbers 0 and 10. Here 0 means 'no pain' and 10 means 'unbearable pain'. The participant will rate the pain according to the scale. Patients' night, rest and activity pain will be evaluated separately. | Before treatment and three weeks |
| Neck Disability Index | It is the most widely used scale for cervical dysfunction and pain. It is also a unidimensional measurement used to determine the patient's perceived level of disability due to neck pain. It is a personal questionnaire consisting of 10 items regarding daily living activities. Each section is scored from 0 (no disability) to 5 (complete disability). The total score ranges from 0 (no injury) to 50 (total injury). | Before treatment and three weeks |
| Range of Motion | Cervical range of motion, flexion, extension, right-left lateral flexion and right-left rotations will be measured and recorded using a goniometer. Normal joint ranges of motion; Flexion was determined as 50 degrees, extension as 70 degrees, lateral flexion as 45 degrees and rotation as 80 degrees. | Before treatment and three weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale | It consists of 17 questions designed to measure fear of movement. A 4-point Likert scoring (1: strongly disagree, 2: disagree, 3: agree, 4: completely agree) is used. Total score varies between 17-68. It is concluded that the higher the person scores on the scale, the higher the fear of movement. | Before treatment and three weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kırşehir Ahi Evran University | Kırşehir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20357682 | Background | Haldeman S, Carroll L, Cassidy JD. Findings from the bone and joint decade 2000 to 2010 task force on neck pain and its associated disorders. J Occup Environ Med. 2010 Apr;52(4):424-7. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181d44f3b. | |
| 16096044 | Background | Vernon HT, Humphreys BK, Hagino CA. A systematic review of conservative treatments for acute neck pain not due to whiplash. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2005 Jul-Aug;28(6):443-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.06.011. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019547 | Neck Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
| D005791 | Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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| virtual reality | Other | virtual reality treatment |
|
| Insomnia Severity Index | This scale, developed to determine the degree of insomnia symptoms, can be used in normal population screening and clinical evaluation of insomnia. It is a five-point Likert type scale consisting of seven items. 0-7 points indicate insignificant insomnia, 8-14 indicates clinically subthreshold insomnia, 15-21 indicates moderate insomnia, and 22-28 indicates severe insomnia. | Before treatment and three weeks |
| Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale | This scale was used to determine anxiety and depression symptomatology. The scale consists of a total of 14 items, 7 items assessing depression and 7 items assessing anxiety. By summing the subscale scores, 0-21 points can be obtained from each of the depression and anxiety scales. 0-7 points; no depression or anxiety disorder, 8-10 points; mild depression or anxiety disorder, 11-14 points; moderate, 15-21 points; indicates severe disorder. | Before treatment and three weeks |
| Pressure Pain Threshold | A pressure algometer (Baseline dolorimeter-66 pound sensitivity- with circular probe) will be used to evaluate the pressure pain threshold. Pain pressure thresholds will be measured from both the right and left upper trapezius and the right-left C1/2 and C5/6 articular pilar level. Before measurements are taken at these points, the pressure pain threshold measurement will be displayed on the patient's hand in order to familiarize the patient with the procedure. Participants will be told to say 'stop' when the feeling changes from pressure to pain. Three measurements will be made at each point with a 1 cm diameter probe and a maximum pressure of up to 60 N will be applied at a speed of approximately 3 N/s. A 30-second rest period will be left between each measurement and the average of the measurements will be recorded. | Before treatment and three weeks |
| 32196892 | Background | Ahern MM, Dean LV, Stoddard CC, Agrawal A, Kim K, Cook CE, Narciso Garcia A. The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Patients With Spinal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Pract. 2020 Jul;20(6):656-675. doi: 10.1111/papr.12885. Epub 2020 May 21. |
| 19713617 | Background | Adamovich SV, Fluet GG, Tunik E, Merians AS. Sensorimotor training in virtual reality: a review. NeuroRehabilitation. 2009;25(1):29-44. doi: 10.3233/NRE-2009-0497. |
| 14654886 | Background | Burdea GC. Virtual rehabilitation--benefits and challenges. Methods Inf Med. 2003;42(5):519-23. |
| 15971970 | Background | Holden MK. Virtual environments for motor rehabilitation: review. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2005 Jun;8(3):187-211; discussion 212-9. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2005.8.187. |
| D006296 |
| Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |