MBSR intervention include 8 sessions. Each session took place once a week, 2 h per session, and lasted 8 consecutive weeks. Each session covered specific exercises and topics within the context of mindfulness practice and training. Participants were required to attend at least seven out of eight lessons, and to practice MBSR at least once per day as the homework. We provided participants with a series of audio recordings of MBSR exercises to help them do better. Participants were required to hand in the records of homework assignments before each intervention session, and they shared and discussed their homework assignments with other partners at the beginning of the intervention session. Additionally, the authors encouraged practitioners to develop an ability to bring mindfulness into the varied circumstances of daily living (e.g. Mindful running, mindful eating, mindful walking, and even mindful talking), especially stressful situations.

Participants in the control condition received university medical courses and physical training as usual.

In our study, it is the same to arm description.

Item of CD-RISC-10 responses range from 0 ("not true at all") to 4 ("true nearly all of the time"). The overall score ranges from 0 to 40, with higher scores reflecting a greater ability to cope with adversity. The CD-RISC-10 showed excellent internal consistency in the current study, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.79, 0.87, and 0.92 at T0, T1, and T2, respectively.

The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTG) was developed to determine the positive changes that occur as a result of the traumatic events experienced by individuals. Participants were asked to rate the degree to which they experienced the change described by each item. The scale consists of 21 items in total and uses a 6-point Likert-type response scale ranging from 0 (almost never) to 5 (almost always). The total score ranged from 0 to 105, and the higher the score, the higher the level of PTG. Cronbach's Alpha for the total PTGI score was α = 0.95, 0.96, and 0.97 at T0, T1, and T2, respectively.

In this study, life satisfaction was evaluated with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). It consists of 5 items and each of them was rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale (1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree), and higher scores indicate higher life satisfaction. The Cronbach's α of the SWLS in this study was 0.84, 0.88, and 0.89 at T0, T1, and T2, respectively.

Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) is a self-reported questionnaire to assess dispositional mindfulness characterized by"open or receptive awareness of and attention" to the present moment. We used the Chinese version of the MAAS revised by Deng et al.. The MAAS included 15 items rated on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (almost always) to 6 (almost never). The total score ranged from 15 - 90, with higher scores indicating higher levels of mindfulness. The Cronbach's α of the MAAS in this study was 0.91, 0.91, and 0.95 at T0, T1, and T2, respectively.