After the patients in the experimental group were informed verbally and in writing and consented to participate in the study, the Patient Information Form, the Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were applied in the first interview and the initial readings were obtained. The researcher received training on a classical massage from an expert massage therapist before the foot massaging application. Patients in the experimental group were subjected to a foot massage with baby oil for 10 minutes during HD treatment three times a week for four weeks, 12 times in total. At the end of the second and fourth weeks after the foot massage, the second and third readings were recorded by repeating the PFS and PSQI.

Patients in the control group were not subjected to any intervention other than routine HD treatment and nursing care. The first readings were obtained by applying the Patient Information Form, PFS and PSQI at the first interview, and the second and third measurement values were obtained by repeating the PFS and PSQI at the end of the second and fourth weeks.

Patients in the experimental group were subjected to a foot massage with baby oil for 10 minutes during HD treatment three times a week for four weeks, 12 times in total. At the end of the second and fourth weeks after the foot massage, the second and third readings were recorded by repeating the PFS and PSQI

Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS) was developed by Piper et al. The scale consists of a total of 22 items. Each item is rated over 0-10 points through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) under four subscales related to the patient's subjective perception of fatigue. The behavioural subscale consists of 6 items (2-7), the affective subscale consists of 5 items (8-12), the sensory subscale consists of 5 items (13-17), and the cognitive subscale consists of 6 items [18-23]. Total fatigue score and subscale scores are calculated over 22 items. Items 1, 24, 25, 26 and 27 in the scale are not used in calculating the fatigue score. Total fatigue score is obtained by summing the items and dividing the resultant value by the total number of items, and subscale scores are obtained by summing the scores of all items in that subscale and dividing the resultant value by the number4 of items.

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was developed by Buysse et al., . Turkish validity and reliability study of the scale was conducted by Ağargün et al.,. The index, which evaluates sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep disturbance and severity in the last 4 weeks, consists of a total of 24 items. 19 items in the index are self-assessment questions, the last 5 questions are answered by the individual's roommate or spouse, and the last 5 questions are not included in the scoring. There are seven components of the PSQI (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping medication, daytime dysfunction). The sum of these seven components gives the total PSQI score. Total score ranges from 0-21, and each item gets a score between 0-3 points. A PSQI total score of 5 points and above indicates that the sleep quality is "poor" and a higher score indicates more sleep complaints.