Green Light and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Migraine Patients

Green Light and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Migraine Patients; a Randomized Control Trial.

There is a lack of evidence on the clinical outcome of green light exposure, as it is the emerging, novel proposal of treatment. There are a lot of researches present with small sample size which should be done on large population. In last conducted studies, session numbers of the applied modality are less. There is no comparison of tDCS with green light for migraine. The literature suggested the neuromodulation influenced by these interventions that may result in reduction of migraine.

Migraine treatments encompass both medicinal options, such as acute and preventive medications, as well as a variety of non-pharmacological therapies. The range of acute medications that are available can be categorized into four different treatment approaches for treating mild to moderate-severity attacks, which involve the use of acetaminophen and/or NSAIDs. For patients experiencing severe attacks or those who do not respond to the initial strategy, a triptan-based strategy is recommended. According to the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), there is strong supporting evidence for the effectiveness of several medications in preventing migraines, including metoprolol, timolol, propranolol, divalproex sodium, sodium valproate, and topiramate. There are some non-pharmacological approaches present like non-invasive and invasive neuromodulation. In non-invasive treatment, transcutaneous cranial nerve stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), percutaneous mastoid stimulation and non-painful brachial electric stimulation are involved. In invasive neuromodulation, occipital nerve stimulation, sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation, and high cervical spine cord stimulation are involved.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Meet the diagnostic criteria established by the International Headache Society,
• patient must have had at least 5 headache attacks that lasted 4-72 hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated)
• headache must have had at least 2 of the following characteristic; Unilateral location & Pulsating quality,
• An average headache pain intensity of migraine episodes of ≥5 at numeric pain scale (NPS) over the 10 weeks prior to enrolling in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Mental illness,
• Photophobic individual,
• Presence of shunt and/or implant at the cranial region,
• Brain tumors,
• Wound at skull