In this retrospective register study, clinically classified individuals with neurodegenerative disease from the years 2010-2021 will be verified from the clinical records from KUH and Oulu University Hospital (OUH). Based on the Finnish social security number, these individuals will be linked to the the national registers of Statistics Finland and Finnish Social and Health Data Permit Authority Findata including incomes, sociodemographic factors, education, occupation, criminal records as well as to the national registers including the bought pharmaceuticals, comorbidities and causes of death. For each study case, 10 randomly selected control cases, matched with age, sex and geographical area, will be used.

The aim of the study is to examine:

• 1) The prevalence of criminal and other disruptive behaviour in groups of different neurodegenerative diseases prior to and after the diagnosis
• 2) Changes in employment, residency,income, and marital status prior to and after the neurodegenerative disease diagnosis
• 3) Hospital diagnoses and reimbursable drugs prior to and after the diagnosis
• 4) Causes of death in patients with neurodegenerative disease to study excess mortality of the patients

Inclusion Criteria:

• The diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease (ICD-10) in KUH or OUH between the years 2010-2021
• Age, sex and residency matched controls (Every research patient has 10 controls matched by age, gender, and place of residency)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients will be divided into different diagnostic groups based on the accepted diagnostic criteria in use. If some of the formed groups contain less than 5 subjects, the disease group in question is excluded from the analyses in order to ensure the privacy protection of the subjects

All consecutive patients admitted to Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) and Oulu University Hospital (OUH) Neurology outpatient clinic with a progressive neurodegenerative disease during 2010-2021 are identified from KUH and OUH data registry with all ICD-10 codes used in the diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases. Their estimated number is 5572 patients. Clinical data of these patients are retrieved from the corresponding hospital data lakes. The patients will be divided into different diagnostic groups based on the accepted diagnostic criteria in use. Further, a matched control cohort is retrieved from the Finnish Population Information System maintained by the Digital and Population Data Services Agency. Every research patient has 10 controls matched by age, gender, and place of residency (according to the year of diagnosis), and the matching is performed for research patients that were alive at the end of the year of the diagnosis.