Is the Degree of Perceived Effort During Resistance Exercise Important for Improvements in Blood Glucose

The Effect of Effort During a Resistance Exercise Session on Glycemic Control in Individuals With Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized-controlled Trial

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the degree of effort during a resistance exercise session on blood glucose levels in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Do individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus need to perform resistance exercise with a high degree of effort for their blood glucose to improve?
• How do they feel (their enjoyment, discomfort) after the sessions with different degrees of effort?

Participants will perform 3 situations separated by at least 4 days, after being familiarized with all exercises and procedures:

• One control day, when they will not exercise;
• A high-effort resistance exercise session;
• A low-effort resistance exercise session Researchers will measure blood glucose levels and psychological responses after these situations to see if the effort was important for the improvement of their blood glucose and how effort affected the way they felt after each situation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• age between 18 and 75 years;
• presence of prediabetes (fasting glycemia between 100 and 125 mg/dL or glycated hemoglobin [A1c] between 5.7 and 6.4%) or T2DM (fasting glycemia 126 mg/dL or above or A1c 6.5% or above).

Exclusion Criteria:

• renal failure,
• liver disease,
• uncontrolled hypertension (equal or greater than 160 mmHg systolic and/or equal or greater than 100 mmHg diastolic),
• history of severe cardiovascular problems,
• in case of oral hypoglycemic drugs usage, being on them for less than 6 months,
• inability to perform resistance exercise,
• being pregnant or trying to become pregnant during the course of the study,
• use of oral contraceptives,
• prisoners,
• persons requiring a legally authorized representative,
• non-English speakers.