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The purpose of this research is to study the feasibility of a specific training program for the breathing muscles (inspiratory muscle training) and the effects on how breathing is regulated during exercise in childhood cancer survivors.
During the first study visit, participants will undergo a series of pulmonary function and muscle performance tests followed by treadmill walking trials at different speeds with concurrent expired gas analysis via a face mask. The participants will then perform a training program for the breathing muscles at home for 6 weeks. The research team will follow up each week via telehealth visits to support training. After the 6-week training program, participants will return in-person for a follow-up visit and will undergo the same series of assessments as the first visit.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) | Experimental | Participants will be asked to perform inspiratory muscle training (breathing exercise) 5 days per week for 6 weeks at home. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| POWERbreathe Plus IMT | Device | Inspiratory muscle training will be performed using the POWERbreathe Plus IMT (POWERbreathe International Ltd., Warwickshire, UK), a commercially available inspiratory pressure threshold device. In this type of training, airflow is occluded until the generated inspiratory pressure reaches the predetermined threshold, which can be set at increments of 8 cm H2O. During the first week of training, the target intensity will be set at 50% of baseline maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP.) During the second week, the target intensity will be set at 60% of baseline MIP. Beginning at the third week and for the remainder of the training program, the target intensity will be set at 75% of the participant's baseline MIP. The target volume will be 5 sets of 6 breaths per day (total of 30 breaths per day), separated by 1-minute rest breaks between sets. The frequency of training will be 5 days per week, for a duration of 6 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percent completion | Percentage of enrolled participants who complete the 6-week inspiratory muscle training protocol | 6 weeks |
| Adherence to treatment protocol | Number of sets and repetitions of training breaths completed during the 6-week inspiratory muscle training protocol | 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maximal inspiratory pressure (measured in cm H2O) | Maximal pressure generated during an inspiratory maneuver, representing inspiratory muscle strength | 6 weeks |
| Diaphragm thickness (measured in mm) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 6-minute walk test distance (measured in m) | Maximal distance walked in 6 minutes | 6 weeks |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Simon Ho | University of Maryland, Baltimore | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Maryland, Baltimore | Baltimore | Maryland | 21201 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42038239 | Derived | Ho S, Marchese V. Differential effects of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm thickness and exercise tolerance in childhood cancer survivors and non-cancer controls. Front Pediatr. 2026 Apr 10;14:1810953. doi: 10.3389/fped.2026.1810953. eCollection 2026. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D004417 | Dyspnea |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D012818 | Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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|
Thickness of the diaphragm muscle measured by noninvasive ultrasound imaging
| 6 weeks |
| Exercise ventilation | Ratio of ventilation to carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) during steady-state walking, representing ventilatory drive during exercise | 6 weeks |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |