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This study aims to examine the effects of low-intensity, combined physical-cognitive exercise on cognitive function of older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and identify the mechanisms by which this exercise protocol exerts cognitive function. Older adults with MCI will be recruited to either an exercise or a control group. Low-intensity, combined physical-cognitive exercise will be prescribed to the exercise group 3 times per week for 3 months while the control group will maintain their routine lifestyle. It is hypothesized that at the end of the trial, participants in the exercise group will demonstrate significant improvement in cognitive performance and circulating biomarkers compared to baseline and the control group.
Accumulating evidence suggests that dementia may be preventable, especially at an early stage. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a preclinical phase of dementia, is a potentially reversible condition as several individuals with MCI could revert to normal level of cognition. Exercise has shown promising evidence of neurocognitive protection, however, not all studies reported such benefits. Type and intensity of exercise are two main factors that have often been accounted for discrepancies in previous findings. Based on previous evidence, low-intensity and combined physical-cognitive exercise might give the best result for cognitive enhancement.
Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of low-intensity, combined physical-cognitive training on cognitive function of older people with MCI and identify the mechanisms by which this exercise protocol exerts cognitive function in individuals with MCI. A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Older adults with MCI will be recruited to either an exercise or a control group. Low-intensity, combined physical-cognitive exercise will be prescribed to the exercise group 3 times per week for 3 months while the control group will maintain their routine lifestyle. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and after a 3-month exercise. The primary outcome measures will be cognitive performance (specific and global cognitive function) and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The secondary outcomes will include physical performance (functional mobility and strength), interleukin 6 (IL-6), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and metabolomic profiles. Intention-to-treat method will be applied for data analyses.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-intensity, combined physical-cognitive exercise | Experimental | The exercise program will be prescribed at low intensity for 50 minutes/session, 3 times /week for 12 consecutive weeks. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Participants will be asked to maintain their routine lifestyle throughout the study period. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| combined physical-cognitive exercise | Behavioral | A combined physical-cognitive exercise will be delivered in the form of exergame, where the participants move their body to interact with the game. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| ADAS-Cog | Alzheimer's Disease Assessment-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) will be assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. The total scores range from 0-70 with higher scores indicating greater cognitive impairment. | 12 weeks |
| Memory | Logical memory test will be evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks. | 12 weeks |
| Executive function | Trail making test (TMT) part B-A will be evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks. | 12 weeks |
| Plasma BDNF | Level of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor will be assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. | 12 weekss |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Attention | Digit span forward-backward will be evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
| Plasma IL-6 | Level of plasma IL-6 will be assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S Kumfu | Contact | 6653949249 | sirintip.ku@up.ac.th |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| S Sungkarat, PhD | Chiang Mai University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University | Recruiting | Chiang Mai | 50200 | Thailand |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40468210 | Derived | Kumfu S, Sungkarat S, Boripantakul S, Sa-Nguanmoo P, Chattipakorn SC. Effects of home-based, low-intensity exergaming on cognitive function of individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2025 Jun 4;25(1):408. doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-06054-w. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| 12 weeks |
| FGF21 | Level of plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) will be assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. | 12 weeks |