In the cognitive rehabilitation and aerobic exercise with VR condition, participants will complete a supervised, aerobic exercise training program (AET) integrated with virtual reality (Ideally Designed Exercise to Accelerate Learning/memory; IDEAL) three days per week over a 12 week period. For seven weeks, participants will only complete IDEAL. For weeks 8-12, participants will complete the Kessler Foundation modified story Memory Technique (KF-mSMT®), a memory retraining program on 2 of the 3 days per week.

In the cognitive rehabilitation and stretching and toning (S/T) exercise condition, participants will complete 12 weeks of supervised S/T activities 3 days per week over the 12 week period. For seven weeks, participants will only complete S/T. During weeks 8-12, participants will complete the Kessler Foundation modified story Memory Technique (KF-mSMT®), a memory retraining program on 2 of the 3 days per week.

KF-mSMT is a memory retraining technique that consists of two-related skills: (1) imagery and (2) context/organization. The proposed KF-mSMT intervention includes 10 total sessions with 2 sessions per week for 5 weeks. Each session will last 45-60 minutes.

The California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II) measures verbal learning and memory by having participants recall a list of words from 4 semantic categories. The word list is presented over 5 trials with a 20 minute delayed recall and recognition trial. Standardized T-scores range from 0-100, where higher scores indicated better performance.

The Ecological Memory Simulations (EMS) is a multi-component test that measures memory as it relates to everyday life. Scores range from 0-205, where higher scores indicated better performance.

MRI data will be collected in the Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center at Kessler Foundation using an FDA-approved 3.0 T Siemens Skyra scanner and a 32-channel head coil to measure the volume of bilateral hippocampi.