During each training session, participants were asked to observe a specific object-directed daily action presented on a computer screen, and afterward they performed what they have observed, 5 repetitions of each task, time duration was noted.

16 motor tasks related to their daily living that were performed with their own hands which are following

1. Folding a towel
2. Cutting a toilet roll
3. Using scissors
4. Tightening shoelaces
5. Opening and closing a square airtight container
6. Opening a bottle top
7. Turning a faucet
8. Using a field of billfold
9. Drinking water
10. Setting a seal
11. Changing batteries
12. Opening and closing a zipper
13. Turning over pages of a book
14. Plugging the outlet
15. Spraying water with a sprayer
16. Sorting chopsticks and spoons and putting them in a box • The participants were advised to keep focusing on their affected arm/hand action observational tasks

In the VRT group, participants will execute VR-based activities conducted by the same therapist .

• 16 tasks will be assigned in each session. VR SHINECON 3D Glasses will be used
• The virtual environment was set in a 6 m2 physical space
• At the beginning of each session, the participant will sit in the center of the set zone and will be assisted to wear the VR glasses
• After the participant will confirm that the sight and sound is clear and comfortable, the tasks mentioned in action observation therapy will be done using virtual reality videos
• The Extrinsic feedback will be provided, including the time left, number of repetitions, and record number of repetitions

During each training session, participants were asked to observe a specific object-directed daily action presented on a computer screen, and afterward they performed what they have observed, 5 repetitions of each task, time duration was noted .

16 motor tasks related to their daily living that were performed with their own hands which are following

1. Folding a towel
2. Cutting a toilet roll
3. Using scissors
4. Tightening shoelaces
5. Opening and closing a square airtight container
6. Opening a bottle top
7. Turning a faucet
8. Using a field of billfold
9. Drinking water
10. Setting a seal
11. Changing batteries
12. Opening and closing a zipper
13. Turning over pages of a book
14. Plugging the outlet
15. Spraying water with a sprayer
16. Sorting chopsticks and spoons and putting them in a box • The participants were advised to keep focusing on their affected arm/hand action observational tasks

The Box and Block Test (BBT) involves moving small blocks between two compartments in a predetermined amount of time in order to assess unilateral gross manual dexterity. The object of the game is to transfer as many 2.5 cm cubes from one side of a partitioned box to the other by the end of a time limit, say 60 seconds. The number of blocks that are successfully transferred determines the score, which is a measurable indicator of manual dexterity. Better unilateral gross manual dexterity performance is indicated by higher scores, which makes the BBT a standardised test for evaluating motor skills.

The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) uses a scale of 0 to 4 to measure resistance during passive movement in order to evaluate muscle tone and spasticity. It measures the degree of rigidity or stiffness in the muscles, which helps in the assessment and planning of treatments for neurological conditions. Using the MAS scale, which ranges from 0 (no increase in tone) to 4 (severe rigidity), doctors can consistently evaluate patients' levels of spasticity.

The functional disability following a stroke is measured by the Rankin Scale (mRS), which has a range of 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (death). It is an essential tool for assessing functional outcomes in neurological conditions because it evaluates an individual's capacity to carry out daily activities on their own. A standardised way to assess functional limitations following a stroke is the Rankin Scale, where 0 denotes no symptoms and 6 severe impairment or death.

An essential instrument for assessing motor recovery in the upper limbs following a stroke is the Fugl Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). Reflexes, coordination, sensation, and movements are evaluated, and scores range from 0 (severe impairment) to 66 (minimum or no impairment), the highest possible number. This thorough evaluation provides a thorough understanding of the extent of motor impairment and functional ability in particular upper limb tasks and movements. The FMA-UE is a standardised measure that helps monitor the progress of rehabilitation and assesses the efficacy of interventions targeted at improving upper extremity motor function after a stroke. It consists of a variety of tasks that assess motor functions.