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The investigators assume that transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) could improve gambling disorder patients' executive-control function by adjusting the synchronization patterns and enhancing the functional connectivity of the prefrontal-ventral striatum pathway. This study intends to test the effect of tACS treatment. Three-month follow-up assessment will be conducted to test the changing of the executive-control function and its mechanism.
Gambling disorder is become a major social and public health problem in China. Executive-control dysfunction is the main symptom of behavioral addiction like gambling disorder. Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and prefrontal-ventral striatum pathway. Studies have shown that abnormal phase synchronization and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) induced the impairment of cognition, and transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) could improve executive-control function by adjusting the abnormal synchronization. However, it has not been verified among gambling disorder patients. The investigators assume that tACS could improve gambling disorder patients' executive-control function by adjusting the synchronization patterns and enhancing the functional connectivity of the prefrontal-ventral striatum pathway. This study intends to test the effect of tACS treatment. Three-month follow-up assessment will be conducted to test the changing of the executive-control function and its mechanism. This study will provide a practical and theoretical basis for developing a novel treatment for gambling disorder.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group for gambling addiction | Experimental | A 40-minute transcranial alternating current stimulus intervention of real stimulus is conducted twice a day (at least 3 hours apart) for a total of 10 days in the intervention group of gambling addiction. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transcranial alternating current stimulation-true stimulus | Device | Three conductive electrodes are placed overhead. In the 10/20 international placement system, a 4.45 9.53 cm electrode is placed on the forehead corresponding to Fpz, Fp1 and Fp2. Two 3.18 3.81 cm electrodes are placed on the mastoid region of each side. The tACS stimulation waveform includes ramp-up and ramp-down periods of 180 and 12 s, respectively. The frequency of stimulation is 77.5Hz, and the current is 15mA. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The change of gambling behavior | Questions including monetary loss, time, frequency and interval of gambling will be answered by patients to quantify their gambling behavior. | baseline, immediately after the intervention, two weeks after the intervention, one month after the intervention, two months after the intervention, three months after the intervention |
| The change of gambling craving | Gambling craving will be measured by the gambling craving Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The total score of VAS ranged from 0 to 10, in which higher scores mean a higher level of gambling craving. | baseline, immediately after the intervention, two weeks after the intervention, one month after the intervention, two months after the intervention, three months after the intervention |
| The change of gambling symptom | Gambling symptom will be measured by the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS). The total score of G-SAS ranged from 0 to 48, in which higher scores mean a higher level of gambling symptom. | baseline, immediately after the intervention, two weeks after the intervention, one month after the intervention, two months after the intervention, three months after the intervention |
| The change of pathological gambling | Pathological gambling will be measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale adapted for Pathological Gambling (PG-YBOCS). The total score of PG-YBOCS ranged from 0 to 40, in which higher scores mean a higher level of pathological gambling. | baseline, immediately after the intervention, two weeks after the intervention, one month after the intervention, two months after the intervention, three months after the intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The change of self-control | The change of self-control will be measured by the stop-signal task and balloon analog risk-taking task. | baseline, immediately after the intervention, two weeks after the intervention, one month after the intervention, two months after the intervention, three months after the intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The change of depression | Depression will be measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9). The total score of PHQ-9 ranged from 0 to 27, in which higher scores mean a higher level of depression. | baseline, immediately after the intervention, two weeks after the intervention, one month after the intervention, two months after the intervention, three months after the intervention |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jiang Du, MD, PhD | Contact | +862164906315 | dujiangdou@163.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jiang Du, M.D., Ph.D. | Shanghai Mental Health Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shanghai Mental Health Center | Recruiting | Shanghai | Shanghai Municipality | 200000 | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005715 | Gambling |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012309 | Risk-Taking |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D007174 | Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| The change of anxiety | Anxiety will be measured by the questionnaire of Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD-7). The total score of GAD-7 ranged from 0 to 21, in which higher scores mean a higher level of anxiety. | baseline, immediately after the intervention, two weeks after the intervention, one month after the intervention, two months after the intervention, three months after the intervention |
| The change of sleep | Sleep will be measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) rated by both patients and observers. The total score of PSQI ranged from 0 to 21, in which higher scores mean a lower level of sleep quality. | baseline, immediately after the intervention, two weeks after the intervention, one month after the intervention, two months after the intervention, three months after the intervention |