Patients included in the study who are being treated by a resident in the MI intervention group will have a motivational interview during their initial hospitalization.

Patients included in the study who are being treated by a resident in the Control group will not have a motivational interview during their hospitalization.

The motivational interview (MI) is a 10-15 minute patient-centered conversation which will focus on tobacco use. Multiple communication strategies can be employed during the MI, including open-ended questions, affirmative statements, reflective listening, use of a 'confidence ruler', and summarizing. The 'confidence ruler' technique in this patient population involves asking the patient "On a scale of zero to ten, how confident are you that you can stop using tobacco?", and then requesting further information about why they selected a certain number. These communication strategies and techniques are designed to uncover and foster a patient's own internal motivations to change the target behavior.

Yes or no

Patient answers question "I am confident that I can work together with my care team to improve my health" with a rating from 1 (do not agree at all) to 10 (completely agree)

Yes or no

Yes or no