The goal of this observational study is to learn about in mid-low rectal patients who received temporary ostomies after surgery of the primary tumors. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• To explore the proportion of temporary stomas that cannot be reversed after radical surgery for mid-low rectal cancer and their main causes.
• To use the basic information we collected from patients before and during surgery to develop an individualized model for predicting the time of stoma reversal and explore the risk factors affecting stoma reversal.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pathologically confirmed as rectal adenocarcinoma;
• The tumor is located within 12cm from the anal verge;
• Primary tumor is radically resected;
• The patient received a temporary ostomy during the in-hospital visit of the resection of the primary tumor.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The stoma was initially recognized as permanent stoma;
• Patients with distant metastasis;
• Patients with multi-primary colorectal cancer.

In-hospital rectal cancer patients who underwent radical resection of the primary lesion