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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca | OTHER |
| Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon | OTHER |
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Introduction: Given the growing increase in addiction to social networks and smartphone use in young people and its implications for health, it is necessary to investigate effective interventions for the appropriate use of these technologies and coping with possible signs of addiction.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of an intervention based on neurofeedback techniques on anxiety and other disorders associated with problematic use of mobile phones and the internet in young adults.
Methodology: Randomised controlled clinical trial with two parallel groups: an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). The study population will be young adults aged 18-30 years. A sample size of 40 participants has been estimated, 20 in each group to detect a difference of 3.9 points or more on the DASS-21 anxiety questionnaire.
All participants will receive an educational workshop on the responsible use of new technologies and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. The IG, in addition to this educational workshop, will receive 25 neurofeedback sessions during 12 weeks, 2-3 sessions/week with the MUSE neurofeedback device.
A baseline and 3-month post-intervention assessment will be conducted for both groups to study change variables related to smartphone addiction (Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV)), nomophobia (Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q)), depression, anxiety and stress (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21-item (DASS-21)) and sleep quality.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neurofeedback | Experimental | 3 weekly 30-minute neurofeedback sessions per week for 12 weeks |
|
| Control | Active Comparator | Health education, a 25-minute session, on mobile phone addiction and promotion of healthy lifestyles |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurofeedback | Other | Conducting neurofeedback sessions guided by a researcher |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | Anxiety evaluated through Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21-item (DASS-21). Minimum 0 - maximum 63 | Baseline, 3-months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Nomophobia | Nomophobia evaluated through Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). Minimum 20 - maximum 140 | Baseline, 3-months |
| Sleep Quality | Sleep quality evaluated through Atenas questionnaire. Minimum 0 - maximum 24 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| José Ignacio Recio Rodriguez, PhD | University of Salamanca | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Salamanca | Salamanca | Salamanca | 37007 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41409706 | Derived | Fernandez-Crespo M, Rihuete-Galve MI, Sanchez-Aguadero N, Sanchez-Sanchez N, Gonzalez-Sanchez J, Garcia-Yu IA, Lee HC, Recio-Rodriguez JI. Efficacy of neurofeedback-assisted mindfulness for anxiety and nomophobia in Spanish young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health. 2025 Dec 2;13:1712564. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1712564. eCollection 2025. | |
| 39296829 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D058765 | Neurofeedback |
| D001676 | Biofeedback, Psychology |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
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| Health education | Other | Health education on mobile phone addiction |
|
| Baseline, 3-months |
| Fernandez-Crespo M, Recio-Rodriguez JI, Lee HC, Alonso-Dominguez R, Montejo AL, Hernandez-Gonzalez L, Iglesias Sierra V, Rihuete-Galve MI. Study protocol of a proposed Neurofeedback-Assisted Mindfulness Training Program on symptoms of anxiety and psychological distress associated with smartphone use in young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health. 2024 Sep 4;12:1410932. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410932. eCollection 2024. |
| D011613 |
| Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| D030141 | Feedback, Psychological |