normal persons

patients with low back pain

• Biering-Sorensen test will be utilized to gauge the trunk extensor muscles' isometric endurance. The patient will be lying on a treatment couch, prone. The top half of the body will be permitted to rest on a chair prior to the test starting. The patient will be told to elevate their upper trunks off of the chair at the start of the test. the examiner determined how long the individual could hold this position.

oswestry disability index has been designed to give us information as to how your back pain has affected your ability to manage everyday life. For each question, there is a possible 5 points; 0 for the first answer, 1 for the second answer, etc. Add up the total for the 10 questions and rate them on the scale at right.. 0 - 4 No disability 5 - 14 Mild disability 15 - 24 Moderate disability 25 - 34 Severe disability 35 - 50 Completely disabled

visual analogue scale (VAS) is one of the pain rating scales used in epidemiologic and clinical research to measure the intensity or frequency of various symptoms. Using a ruler, the score is determined by measuring the distance (mm) on the 10-cm line between the "no pain" anchor and the patient's mark, providing a range of scores from 0-100. A higher score indicates greater pain intensity. no pain (0-4 mm), mild pain(5-44 mm), moderate pain (45-74 mm), and severe pain (75-100 mm)

Back performance scale (BPS) has been found to reflect important aspects of physical functioning. It consists of Sock Test, the Pick-up Test, the Roll-up Test, the Fingertip-to-Floor Test, and the Lift Test. For each test a score of 0 was considered a good performance with no signs of activity limitation, a score of 1 was considered a somewhat limited performance, a score of 2 was considered a rather distinct limitation of performance, and a score of 3 was considered a substantially limited performance, if performed at all. The BPS sum score is calculated by adding the individual scores of the 5 tests ranging from 0 to 15.