Inspiratory Muscle Training on Diaphragm Thickness, Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Shoulder Pain in Tennis Player

Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Diaphragm Thickness, Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Non-especific Shoulder Pain in Federated Tennis Player

Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions among athletes and sports enthusiasts who engage in overhead sports, and it can be highly disabling. Since the shoulder is one of the joints with the greatest range of motion in the human body, it is important to seek strategies that address trunk stability comprehensively to achieve full and effective joint mobility. The central role of the diaphragm in trunk stabilization has been the subject of research for over 50 years, although the exact mechanisms are still not fully understood.

The objective of this study is to assess the effects of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm thickness, inspiratory muscle strength, and shoulder pain in adult tennis players with non-specific shoulder pain.

This is a single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. The intervention will last for 8 weeks. Patients with non-specific shoulder pain will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group will undergo specific inspiratory muscle training, while the control group will receive no specific training intervention. Measurements of diaphragm thickness, inspiratory muscle strength, and shoulder pain will be taken before and after the intervention.

Inclusion Criteria:

• tennis player who suffered from inespecific shoulder pain
• training at least two times per week
• Have experienced at least 1 episode of non-specific shoulder pain in the last month
• A positive result on diagnostic tests performed: Neer Test and Jobe Test

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having taken anti-inflammatories or muscle relaxants within the last 72 hours before the study
• pregnancy
• Previous diagnosis of respiratory or neurological diseases
• Previous surgeries, fractures, and dislocations in the dominant shoulder
• Inability to follow instructions during the study
• All those for whom measuring maximum inspiratory pressure is contraindicated: unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction (within 4 weeks of the event) or myocarditis, uncontrolled systemic hypertension, recent pneumothorax, post-lung biopsy surgery of less than one week, postoperative abdominal or genitourinary surgery of less than 6 months, and urinary incontinence