The incidence of metabolic syndrome and related diseases is gradually increasing, and diet and medication are currently common outpatient treatment methods. This study retrospectively analyzes the clinical data of patients with metabolic syndrome and related diseases who have visited our outpatient department in the past 10 years, compares the therapeutic effects of different treatment methods on their blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, uric acid, and body composition, and provides evidence support for clinical treatment.

Inclusion Criteria:

• individuals who had at least a 2 follow up visits with a BMI of 24 or more with the pri-mary goal of losing weight.

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients did not follow-up on a monthly basis;
• patients followed-up less than 1 times within 3 months;
• patients having incomplete data;
• patients changing their interventions during fol-low-ups

This was a retrospective study of the weight loss effect in 1 to 3 months in overweight or obese individuals at the department of clinical nutrition in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine in China between 1 January 2020 and 1 Janu-ary 2024.