Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Versus Intranasal Midazolam as a Premedication in Pediatrics Undergoing Upper GI Endoscopy

Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Versus Intranasal Midazolam as a Premedication in Pediatrics Undergoing Upper GI Endoscopy

compare the effectiveness of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam as a premedication in sedation of preschool children in GI endoscopy

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children of preschool age (2-6 years old).
• American scocity of anaesthesiology (ASA) I - II children.
• Expected duration of the procedure is less than 50 minutes.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cardiac arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, or hemodynamic or respiratory instability; children at risk for airway obstruction.
• Behavioral, mental or developmental abnormality (example: mental retardation, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder "ADHD", Autism, Down syndrome).
• Regular intake of either brain stimulant or depressive drugs (example: Methylphenidate, amphetamine-dextroamphetamine and diazepam respectively).
• Parent's refusal.
• Emergency case.
• Allergy to any of the used drugs