The goal of this clinical trial is to answer the research question whether hs Troponin I and NT-proBNP have a role in detecting atrial fibrillation in patients with pacemakers.

Objectives of the study:

1. To survey some risk factors for atrial fibrillation in patients with permanent pacemakers.
2. To determine the role of hs Troponin I and NT-proBNP in predicting new-onset atrial fibrillation within follow-up time.
3. To build a model to predict the prognosis of atrial fibrillation based on the detected subclinical markers related to atrial fibrillation and classic cardiovascular risk factors.

Information about age, gender, BMI, medical history, tests to evaluate liver function, kidney function, dyslipidemia, results of echocardiography, ECG, and chest X-ray will be collected from medical records and clinical examination.

The hs troponin I and NT-proBNP tests will be performed before the patient has a pacemaker.

The two tests above will be paid by research team. Patients do not have to pay for these tests.

Atrial fibrillation will be determined through ECG, holter ECG and pacemaker data.

Time to follow up patients in the study: According to the patient's follow-up visits after pacemaker placement: 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, then every 6 months.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient is an adult (≥ 18 years old or older)
• There is indication for permanent pacemaker placement and patient agreement to permanent pacemaker placement
• Patient agrees to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients had a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in their past history or atrial fibrillation is discovered at the time of participating in the study
• Severe patients, at risk of death
• Pregnant
• The patient is indicated for surgery
• Patients with eGFR ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73m2
• The patient has a serious infection

Patients will be selected from the Arrhythmia Treatment Department of Cho Ray Hospital during the study period.

Adult patients with indications for pacemaker placement, agree to participate in the study, meet the inclusion criteria and do not have the exclusion criteria will be selected for the study.