This arm of the study involves participants who will engage in a traditional learning process. After an initial pre-survey, they will start the ultrasound training phase. During this phase, participants will utilize pre-made educational videos for learning. Then participants will perform an ultrasound on an abdominal ultrasound phantom using a handout based on the pre-made video. When assistance is needed, participants will physically move to a different location to seek help from a supervisor. This face-to-face interaction allows for direct guidance and feedback. After completing the training sessions, participants will take a post-survey, which includes NASA-TLX, System Usability Scale (SUS), and a self-confidence assessment, to evaluate the training experience and measure the perceived workload, system usability, and confidence level changes due to the training.

In this arm, participants will undergo a remote learning process. Similar to the control group, they begin with a pre-survey followed by the training phase using the same educational videos. Participants view a handout on a head-mounted display(HMD) and perform an ultrasound on an abdominal ultrasound phantom. The key difference is that when they require assistance, they will use a HMD to communicate with a supervisor remotely. This allows the supervisor to provide guidance without being physically present, utilizing the HMD and potentially other remote communication tools for real-time interaction. The training phase is intended to mimic the in-person guidance as closely as possible through technological means. Following the training, the participants will also complete the same post-survey as the control group to assess the impact of remote training on their learning experience.

Participants in the experimental group are oriented on using the education platform and communicating with the supervisor through an HMD for about 5 minutes. They then perform and save their ultrasound imaging. If they require assistance, they request help verbally through the HMD's communication system. The supervisor remotely observes and immediately assists upon request, utilizing the HMD and a 360-degree camera.

The composite scores from the evaluation forms will serve as the primary measure of effectiveness. These scores will be based on a standardized evaluation scale titled "Ultrasound Skill Evaluation Scale", which ranges from 0 to 90 points, where higher scores indicate better performance. Scores will be analyzed and compared using statistical tests such as the Student's t-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test to evaluate skill acquisition differences between groups.

The time taken by participants from the moment they pick up the probe to begin the first image until they press the 'End Exam' button to save the final ultrasound image will be recorded and analyzed. This measure assesses efficiency and speed of learning, with comparison between groups using the Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

The NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) survey will be used to compare the perceived workload between participants seeking physical assistance and those receiving remote guidance through head-mounted displays (HMDs). Six aspects of workload will be assessed: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration. Scores range from 0 (lowest workload) to 100 (highest workload).