During hemodialysis (HD) the blood of the patient pass an extracorporeal circuit that contains a dialyzer for rinsing and a venous chamber (air trap) to prevent from air embolism through the return blood into the patient. However, air traps in clinical use have limited capacity to prevent from microemboli of air to enter the return bloodline and deposit as emboli in the body such as lungs, heart and brain. The Investigator developed the air trap Emboless that was patented. In vitro studies showed significantly better reduction of microemboli contaminations than air traps compared to that in clinical use.

The present randomized clinical trial compares two different air traps used by the same patients in a cross-over design (as pairs) using the Emboless compared with the Fresenius 4008/5008 (F5008).

Chronic HD patients are randomized to perform the first HD with either their standard air trap (F5008) in the venous bloodline tubing or using the Emboless bloodline and vice versa. Each patient was included to make two paired series. A safety committee evaluates if significantly worse outcome appears especially with the Emboless, to stop the study.

During HD the microbubbles are counted by a GAMPT ultrasound device using two probes. One probe is set at the inlet side of the air trap and the second at the outlet side. The outlet side represents data of microbubbles in the blood that are entering into the patient. Comparative non-parametric paired analyses are performed between the air traps.

Monitoring of the study is performed.

During hemodialysis (HD) the blood of the patient pass an extracorporeal circuit that contains a dialyzer for rinsing and a venous chamber (air trap) to prevent from air embolism through the return blood into the patient. However, air traps in clinical use have limited capacity to prevent from microemboli of air to enter the return bloodline and deposit as emboli in the body such as lungs, heart and brain. The Investigator developed the air trap Emboless that was patented in Europe, USA and India. In vitro studies showed significantly better reduction of microemboli contaminations than air traps compared to that in clinical use.

The present randomized clinical trial compares two different air traps used by the same patients in a cross-over design (as pairs) using the Emboless compared with the Fresenius 4008/5008 (F5008).

Chronic HD patients are randomized to perform the first HD with either their standard air trap (F5008) in the venous bloodline tubing or using the Emboless bloodline and vice versa. Each patient is included to make two paired series. A maximum of 30 patients are planned. Each with 2 series of each two different sets of air traps that would give a total of 120 dialyses. A safety committee evaluates if significantly worse outcome appears especially with the Emboless.

During HD the microbubbles are counted by a GAMPT ultrasound device using two probes. One probe is set at the inlet side of the air trap and the second at the outlet side. The outlet side represents data of microbubbles in the blood that are entering into the patient. Comparative non-parametric paired analyses are performed between the air traps.

Monitoring of the study is performed.

Inclusion Criteria:

Accepted are all patients performing chronic HD due to End Stage renal disease of any reason:

• 18 years and older
• accept, by consent, to participate in the study
• both genders,
• any ethnicity

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients that are expected not to fulfil a whole series of two dialysis within the study such as those:

• who suffer from active cancer or severe infection, cachexia or are planned for kidney transplantation close to the study period.
• patients that by any reason are considered inappropriate by the principal investigator, such as patients that experience severe hypotensive episodes during standard dialysis.

Home-haemodialysis treatments and self-care dialysis treatments are not included in the study. If such patient accepts to participate in the study, he/she has to adapt to study criteria (assisted treatment).

consecutively based on the approval of patients. Excluding those with active infections.

We can share data upon reasonable request.

Expected time of completing data is 1 year from now.

Reasonable request to share information such as safety analyses, repeating studies or control authorities.

Measuring data of microemboli counts is masked for the patient.