We will conduct an observational study involving a preliminary long-term follow-up designed to test how dysbindin-1 gene expression can modulate the efficacy of treatments with antipsychotics on clinical and neuropsychological outcomes. We will recruit 150 patients diagnosed with DB who required therapy with an atypical antipsychotic (aripiprazole or quetiapine or olanzapine) in combination with a medication mood stabilizer (lithium or other mood stabilizer), according to the standards of DB treatment. Treatment will be maintained stably for at least 6 months, unless the patient's clinical evolution makes a therapeutic switch inevitable. In light of the data in mice, we will correlate the clinical/neuropsychological response to antipsychotics with the presence of the functional DysBray haplotype of the DTNBP-1 gene, which has in the general population a relatively high prevalence (about 25 percent).

During the first visit, all subjects will sign informed consent and undergo a a clinical interview, in which clinical data will be collected. The demographic information will be transcribed into the electronic data collection form ("Electronic case report forms" - eCFR). The electronic data collection form should be completed at the time of the visit, so that it can objectively report the most recent observations. Each month recruited subjects will be administered specific scales (BPRS, YMRS, HAM-D, SES, GAF) validated in order to assess the psychopathological component. In addition, at the beginning of the study, a neuropsychological evaluation will be conducted to assess the cognitive status of the recruited patients. Therefore, neuropsychological tests will be administered. standardized (WAIS, BAC-A). In addition, neuropsychological assessments will be carried out as a follow-up (administration of the BAC-A) every 6 months, culminating in a follow-up of at least 12 months, to monitor the cognitive status of the subjects. Information obtained during the conduct of this clinical study is confidential and disclosure to third parties other than those indicated is strictly prohibited. The data collected (all information contained in original documents and certified copies or results clinical trials, observations or other activities in a clinical trial necessary for the reconstruction and evaluation of the study) will be archived in the file. The documents will be stored in a specific locked filing cabinet. The information collected will then be entered into a database, a management system (e.g., Microsoft Access). The data will be constantly backed up at the end of each week to prevent the loss of data that have been stored on the server. A server failure will cause delays in the execution phase of the analyses. The investigator must maintain all study records according to the guidelines on Good Clinical Practice (CGP) "International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH)" and according to the record retention policies of the country in which the study. In accordance with the ICH/GCP guidelines, the investigator/institution will maintain all electronic resources and all original documents that support the data collected from each subject and all study documents (documents essential to the conduct of a study clinical trial). The investigator/institution will take measures to prevent the destruction accidental or premature destruction of these documents. Essential documents must be kept for at least 2 years after the end of the study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• DB diagnoses, made by the use of the structured clinical interview based on the DSM-5 criteria (SCID-CV);
• Therapy with an atypical antipsychotic (aripiprazole or quetiapine or olanzapine) in combination with a mood stabilizer (lithium or another mood stabilizer mood), according to the standard of care.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders;
• comorbidity with neurological disorders, with damage to the brain and with deficits intellectual;
• pregnancy;
• current and past substance abuse.

Bipolar disease patients who required therapy with an atypical antipsychotic in combination with a mood stabilizer