Direct comparison study between previous LASIK or non-LASIK cataract eyes, the performance between non-LASIK and LASIK patients were (i) Ophthalmic examinations: UDVA, CDVA and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) (40cm) and (ii) Refractive prediction error: defined as difference between postoperative sphere and target refraction.

Inclusion Criteria:

• presence of cataract in both eyes
• corrected distance visual acuity under 20/40
• Phacoemulsification cataract surgery was arranged for both eyes

Exclusion Criteria:

• complicated cataract
• corneal opacities or irregularities
• corneal astigmatism > 1.50 diopter
• amblyopia, anisometropia
• surgical complications such as posterior capsular bag rupture or vitreous loss, IOL tilt or decentration
• coexisting ocular pathologies, glaucoma, non-dilating pupil, history of intraocular surgery, or retinopathy
• optic nerve or macular diseases
• refusal or unable to maintain follow-up.

Clear corneal phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were performed by single surgeon Chao-Kai Chang. The surgical process involved topical anesthesia, a 3-step clear corneal incision (2.75 mm) at 180° (temporal in both eyes), a 5.0-mm continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, phacoemulsification using the stop-and-chop technique, IOL implantation with an injector, IOL centration, and a sutureless incision. The study IOL models include only EDOF Symfony IOL (Johnson and Johnson, Santa Ana, CA, USA).