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In this study, it is planned to investigate the effect of connective tissue massage on symptom severity, autonomic functions, psychological state and quality of life in individuals with erectile dysfunction symptoms.
The most common sexual dysfunctions in men include erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to achieve and maintain the penile erection necessary for sexual intercourse for at least 6 months.The prevalence of ED generally varies between 37.2%-48.6%.
There are various treatment methods used in individuals with ED symptoms. While urologists use oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor drugs (such as sildenafil and vardenafil) as the first step, intracavernosal papaverine or alprostadil injections and vacuum devices may be preferred afterwards. When these treatments are inadequate, penile prostheses can be used. In addition, various physiotherapy techniques such as pelvic floor muscle training, electrical stimulation, massage and aerobic exercises are also recommended for these individuals.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control roup | No Intervention | The control group will receive standard treatment (lifestyle recommendations). | |
| CTM group | Experimental | In addition to the standard treatment, connective tissue massage will be applied to the CTM group. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Connective tissue massage(CTM) | Other | CTM will be applied by a trained physiotherapist for 3 days/week for 4 weeks. Application time will be approximately 15-20 minutes. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) | İt is a 5-question questionnaire used to assess erectile dysfunction. Patients' answers to each question are scored between 1 and 5. A total score above 21 indicates normal erectile function, while a score of 21 and below indicates ED. According to the total score obtained from the scale, ED is divided into 4 categories. Severe (1-7), moderate (8-11), moderate to mild (12-16), mild (17-21) and no ED (22-25). | Change from baseline at 4 weeks |
| Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS 31) | İt is a 31-question questionnaire that assesses autonomic symptoms in 6 different areas: orthostatic intolerance, vasomotor, secretomotor, gastrointestinal, bladder function and pupillomotor. Survey score varies between 0-100 points. A high score on the questionnaire indicates the presence and severity of autonomic dysfunction. | Change from baseline at 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) | It evaluates the condition of the individual in the last week. It is a 21-question questionnaire consisting of 3 subscales: depression, anxiety and stress. Survey score varies between 0-63 points. A high score on the questionnaire indicates the presence and severity of depression, anxiety and stress. | Change from baseline at 4 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bitlis Eren University | Bitlis | 13000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007172 | Erectile Dysfunction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005832 | Genital Diseases, Male |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D012735 | Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological |
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| Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36) | It is a 36-question questionnaire consisting of 8 subscales including physical function, physical role, emotional role, pain, vitality, general health and mental health. Survey score varies between 0-100 points. A high score obtained from the questionnaire indicates that the individual has a good quality of life. | Change from baseline at 4 weeks |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D020018 | Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |