Objective This study aims to evaluate the validation of the Rockall scoring system in predicting the outcomes of variceal bleeding among Sudanese patients.

Design/Method A cross-sectional hospital-based study involved 150 adult Sudanese patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) of variceal origin. Patients with UGIB resulting from causes other than varices and those who declined participation were excluded. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire complemented by upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy findings, and patients were followed up until discharge.

Results The study encompassed 150 patients, predominantly male (117, 78%), aged between 18 and 60 years (n=119, 79%), residing mainly in central regions (134, 89%). The leading presenting complaints included hematemesis (70, 46.7%) and melena (22, 14.6%). Notably, peri-portal fibrosis (101, 67.3%) and cirrhosis (24, 16%) were the primary etiological factors, with a significant prevalence of alcohol consumption (87, 58%). Concerning the grade of esophageal varices, grades III and IV were most prevalent (67, 44.7% and 47, 31.3%, respectively), and fundal varices were identified in 13 patients (8.7%). The mean Rockall score was 3.83 ± 1.99, indicating moderate severity. Additionally, the Rockall score showed significant associations with the number of sessions, complications, bleeding recurrence, duration of hospital stay, and mortality (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Understanding the significance of the Rockall scoring system and its applicability to Sudanese patients with variceal bleeding has the potential to guide more effective strategies in the management of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality.

Inclusion Criteria:

• aged 18 years and older
• primary complaints of upper GI bleeding

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with upper GI bleeding resulting from causes other than varices
• who declined to participate in the study

A total of 150 patients were enrolled in the study between June and September 2012. The study comprised patients aged 18 years and older, presenting with upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding of variceal origin, who visited the outpatient and referral clinic at the center and reported primary complaints of upper GI bleeding (UGIB), including hematemesis and/or melena. Patients with upper GI bleeding resulting from causes other than varices, as well as those who declined to participate in the study, were excluded