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The purpose of this study is to assess how time restricted eating interventions impact eating behaviors, diet quality, and body composition in women ages 20-29 years. Participants will be asked to limit all food and drinks (except water and some non-caloric beverages) to a 10-hour period during the day for four weeks. Participants 1-36 will follow their usual eating and activity patterns for one week before starting, and follow whatever eating pattern they want for 4 weeks after finishing. Participants 37-51 will follow their usual eating and activity patterns for one week before starting, and will not complete a follow up period.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time Restricted Eating | Experimental | Participants will limit their eating (all food and caloric beverages) to an eating window of 10 hours per day for 4 weeks. The eating window must end by 8pm. Water and non-caloric beverages are allowed outside of the eating window. No other changes are required to the types or total amount of food eaten. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time restricted eating | Behavioral | Limit food intake to 10 hours per day as described in the experimental arm section. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Emotional Eating | Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire: Emotional Eating Subscale. This subscale is scored from 1-5, with higher scores indicating higher emotional eating. | Participants 1-36: 3 time points: baseline, end of 4-week intervention, end of 4-week follow up Participants 37-51: 2 time points: baseline, end of 4-week intervention |
| External Eating | Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire: External Eating Subscale. This subscale is scored from 1-5, with higher scores indicating higher external eating. | Participants 1-36: 3 time points: baseline, end of 4-week intervention, end of 4-week follow up Participants 37-51: 2 time points: baseline, end of 4-week intervention |
| Eating in the Absence of Hunger | Assessed through surveys sent 5x/day asking about if food was eaten and why. | Participants 1-36: Baseline week, weeks 1 and 4 of intervention, weeks 1 and 4 of follow up Participants 37-51: Baseline week, weeks 1 and 4 of intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Diet Quality | Healthy Eating Index, calculated from 3-day food records. The Healthy Eating Index is scored from 0-100, with higher scores indicating higher diet quality. | Participants 1-36: 3 time points: baseline, end of 4-week intervention, end of 4-week follow up Participants 37-51: 2 time points: baseline, end of 4-week intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Participant experience | Qualitative interview to glean information on participants' subjective experience of the intervention | End of 9-week study (following 1-week baseline, 4-week intervention, and 4-week follow up, participants 1-36 only) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
People who identify as a woman are eligible.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Carly Pacanowski, PhD | University of Delaware | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Delaware | Newark | Delaware | 19711 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42104042 | Derived | Vizthum D, Earthman CP, Patterson F, Melough MM, Allison KC, Pacanowski CR. Four-week time restricted eating intervention is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and dysregulated eating among emerging adult women: a single-armed trial. Eat Weight Disord. 2026 May 8. doi: 10.1007/s40519-026-01814-y. Online ahead of print. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000093763 | Intermittent Fasting |
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005215 | Fasting |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001522 | Behavior, Animal |
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| Body composition (total percent body fat) |
Percent body fat measured by DXA |
| Baseline and end of 4-week intervention (participants 1-36 only) |
| Body composition (visceral fat) | Visceral fat measured by DXA | Baseline and end of 4-week intervention (participants 1-36 only) |
| Body weight | Total body weight | Participants 1-36: 3 time points: baseline, end of 4-week intervention, end of 4-week follow up Participants 37-51: 2 time points: baseline, end of 4-week intervention |
| Continuous Glucose Monitoring | Participants will wear a Dexcom continuous glucose monitor | First 10 days of study, last 7 days of intervention period (added for participants 37-51, optional for participants 29-36) |