The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of Tranexamic Acid Oral Solution 5% in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants or vitamin K antagonists and undergoing a single or multiple tooth extraction.

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy, acceptability, and safety of Tranexamic Acid Oral Solution 5% with placebo in the prevention of clinically relevant bleeding events in subjects treated with direct oral anticoagulants or vitamin K antagonists and undergoing a single or multiple tooth extraction.

A total of approximately 280 subjects will be randomized in two equal treatment groups (approximately 140 subjects per group) to receive Tranexamic Acid Oral Solution 5% or placebo solution for 7 days. Following screening, eligible subjects can be randomized within 14 days when all eligibility criteria are confirmed. Randomized subjects will undergo tooth extraction(s) and treatment period. The treatment period ends at Visit 5 followed by the follow-up period. The maximal study duration is about 4 weeks.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Provide their signed study informed consent to participate.
2. Male or female ≥ 18 years of age at screening.
3. Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 kg/m2 and 35 kg/m2, inclusively and body weight ≥ 50 kg.
4. Treated regularly for ≥ 3 months with direct oral anticoagu19lant (e.g., edoxaban, apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran) or vitamin K antagonists (e.g., acenocoumarol, warfarin, etc.).
5. Subjects on VKAs can be enrolled if the subject's International Normalized Ratio (INR) at screening, but not more than 5 days before the dental extraction procedure is within the range of 2.0-3.5.
6. Subjects taking VKAs or DOACs can be enrolled if these are prescribed and used according to the approved product label.
7. Accepting to not discontinue his/her anticoagulant medication on the day of the extraction.
8. Scheduled to undergo a single or multiple (≤ 5 teeth, single-rooted, double-rooted, or multi-rooted, maximum 3 multi-rooted teeth and 2 different extraction sites) tooth extraction. Subjects with a single extraction site may have up to a maximum of 5 adjacent teeth extracted at the site, and subjects with two extraction sites may have up to a maximum of 3 adjacent extracted teeth at one site and 2 adjacent extracted teeth at the other site.
9. Considered as reasonably healthy to follow the study procedures as documented by the medical history, physical examination, and vital sign assessments.
10. Subjects with a platelet count of 100,000-500,000 (inclusive) platelets per microliter.
11. Subject with hemoglobin ≥ 12.0 g/dL (male) or ≥ 11.0 g/dL (female).
12. Willing to avoid alcohol consumption for the duration of the study.
13. Willing and able to adhere to the study assessment schedule and other protocol requirements as evidenced by a written informed consent.
14. Negative pregnancy test in females of childbearing potential at Screening and Day 1 visit.
15. Women must be post-menopausal (defined as no menses for 12 months without an alternative medical cause), surgically sterile, or willing to use highly effective method of birth control which is defined as those which result in a low failure rate (i.e., less than 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly (refer to Table 4 in protocol Section 8.2.11 for further information on acceptable and unacceptable birth control methods). The Investigator is responsible for determining whether the subject has adequate birth control for study participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any coagulation disorders requiring TXA.
2. Wisdom teeth extraction.
3. History of severe allergy or allergic reactions or hypersensitivity to the study drug or any component of its formulations or related drugs or heparin
4. Subjects with type IV periodontitis (as per American Dental Association Classification) (see Appendix 1).
5. History of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
6. Active intravascular clotting (defined as a history of thrombosis within the past 3 months).
7. Blood in the urine (macroscopic hematuria) at Screening.
8. Renal function test result of estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤ 15 mL/min/1.73 m² at Screening.
9. Any ongoing or planned dual anti-platelet treatment for the duration of subject's participation in the study (any 2 of the following: aspirin, dipyridamole, or any thienopyridine, i.e., clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticlopidine, ticagrelor). However, subjects receiving a very low dose aspirin (≤ 160 mg) may be enrolled.
10. Any ongoing or planned oncological treatment for the duration of subject's participation in the study.
11. Any immunocompromising condition.
12. Use of any recreational drugs or history of drug addiction.
13. Positive alcohol breath test at Screening and Day 1.
14. Participating in any other clinical study or has received treatment with any investigational drug or device within 3 months prior to screening.
15. History of other disease, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding giving reasonable suspicion of a disease or condition that contraindicates the use of the investigational drug, might affect interpretation of the results of the study, or renders the subject at high risk for treatment complications (including but not limited to diseases such as uncontrolled diabetes, any haemato-oncological condition [e.g., leukemia], any congenital hematological condition [e.g., hemophilia]).
16. Severe uncontrolled arterial hypertension, e.g., > 200 mmHg systolic or > 110 mmHg diastolic blood pressure at two consecutive readings.
17. Subjects who are found positive to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological tests.
18. Use of hormonal methods of birth control that increase the risk of thrombosis (e.g., estrogen-containing contraceptives). Refer to Table 4 in protocol Section 8.2.11 for further information on acceptable and unacceptable birth control methods.
19. Women with intended pregnancy or breast-feeding.
20. Planned soft (other than extraction site) or hard oral tissue biopsy on the day of the surgery.
21. Subjects who are evaluated to have a negative risk-benefit ratio to participate in this study (e.g., high risk of severe bleeding).

double-blind