The primary ovarian insufficiency (premature ovarian failure, premature ovarian insufficiency, premature menopause) is a hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, that failure of the ovarian function in woman younger than 40 years. Fat derived stem cells are mainly mesenchymal stem cells and found to be effective treatment in joint and bone regeneration.

We are planning to investigate the effectiveness of adipose stem cell on ovarian tissue regeneration for patients with premature ovarian failure.

The primary ovarian insufficiency (premature ovarian failure, premature ovarian insufficiency, premature menopause) is a hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, that failure of the ovarian function in woman younger than 40 years. Ovary is a important organ of reproduction as well as endocrine organ that secretes estrogen and progesterone to stimulate the endometrium and other organs. The main features of are sex hormone deficiency, amenorrhea, infertility, and elevated serum gonadotropins.

This condition occurs in approximately 1% of women and it has significant psychological and physical consequences in those patients.

The current management involves hormone replacement therapy and infertility treatment using egg donors.

Stem cells are the foundation cells for every organ, tissue, and cell in the body. They are undifferentiated cells that do not yet have specific function. Under proper conditions, they begin to develop into specialized tissue and organs. Fat derived stem cells are mainly mesenchymal stem cells and found to be effective treatment in joint and bone regeneration.

This study is an open-label investigation of the efficacy of injection of autologous adipose derived stem cells into the ovarian stroma of patients with premature ovarian failure. Totally 10 women with POI will be recruited in this study after the written informed consent. Diagnosis will be based mainly on history taking, physical examination, and laboratory investigations. Laboratory investigations will include serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), serum estrogen measurement and serum AMH. The typical FSH in POI patients is over 40mIU/ml (post-menopausal range). Subjects will be enrolled based on specific inclusion/exclusion criteria and will be evaluated at regular post-transplant intervals.

The fat derived stem cell will be transplanted by a reproductive gynecologist who does routine ovarian puncture. Subjects will be monitored frequently for a total of one year after ADSCs injection. For the safety of patients, the stem cell will be injected in one ovary only and the other ovary will be spared.

Sample of 150-250 ml aspirated from the fat will be processed according to the manufacturers guide and totally 5 million of ADSCs will be injected into the ovaries under guidance of transvaginal sonography. Endometrial fractional biopsy will be taken, stained with H&E stain. Participants will be followed up monthly for a period of 6 months by hormonal (FSH, LH, E2, AMH), clinical (resuming menstruation), US (folliculometry).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Signed and dated informed consent.
• Female over the age of 18
• Diagnosis of premature ovarian insufficiency: At least two menopausal FSH levels (≥ 40 IU/L) and/or Primary or secondary amenorrhea at least for 3-6 months OR Diagnosis of low ovarian reserve defined as: AMH < _0.42 ng/ML & FSH >20 IU/L, and/or failure of prior attempts of assisted reproductive techniques due to limited ovarian response (poor responder).
• Presence of at least one ovary
• Acceptable uterine anatomy (by any clinically and/or imaging acceptable methods)
• Normal thyroid function as evidence by normal serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels.
• Agree to report any pregnancy to the research staff immediately.
• Willing and able to comply with study requirements and follow up instructions.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Has a history of, or evidence of current gynecologic malignancy within the past three years
• Presence of adnexal masses indicating the need for further evaluation
• Major mental health disorder that precludes participation in the study
• Active substance abuse or dependence
• Current or recent (within the past 2 weeks) use of the following medications: Oral or systemic corticosteroids, Hormones (estrogen, progestins, oral contraceptives), Danazol, anticoagulants, herbal or botanical supplements with possible hormonal effects. Washout will be allowed.
• Type I or Type II diabetes mellitus, or if receiving antidiabetic medications
• Known significant anemia (Hemoglobin <8 g/dL).
• Untreated deep venous thrombosis, and/or pulmonary embolus
• Untreated cerebrovascular disease
• Known heart disease (New York Heart Association Class II or higher).
• Known Liver disease (defined as Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) or Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)>2 times normal, or total bilirubin >2.5 mg/dL).
• Known Renal disease (defined as Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)>30 mg/dL or serum creatinine > 1.6 mg/dL).