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The goal of this intervention development and pilot clinical trial is to determine whether receiving the brief online intervention results in greater reductions in past 7-day e-cigarette use frequency and smoking susceptibility over an 8-week period compared to receiving the control condition in young adults who currently use e-cigarettes. Participants in the experimental condition will be asked to complete the 30-minute mobile-based program. Participants in the assessment-only control will be given the option to access the intervention after they complete their final survey at 8 weeks. All participants will complete our online surveys at baseline as well as 2-weeks, 4-weeks, and 8-weeks post-randomization. Researchers will compare outcomes among the intervention and control groups to determine the efficacy of the intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Experimental | Participants will be asked to complete a 30-minute intervention that is accessible on a mobile device, delivered via a webpage, and personalized to their individual vaping behavior and beliefs (based on the baseline surveys). The intervention will contain personalized normative feedback (PNF), Motivational Enhancement (ME), and education. Participants will complete assessments at baseline as well as 2-weeks, 4-weeks, and 8-weeks post randomization. |
|
| Waitlist Control | No Intervention | Participants will complete assessments at baseline as well as 2-weeks, 4-weeks, and 8-weeks post randomization. They will not receive the intervention during the active study phase, lasting 8 weeks. Participants will have the option to access the intervention once this active study phase is over. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Live Free From E-cigarettes | Behavioral | This is a 30-minute online educational program that focuses on providing information about e-cigarette and smoking social norms, harms of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, and ways to quit or reduce using e-cigarettes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| E-cigarette Use | Participants will report the number of (1) days they vaped, (2) times they picked up their device to vape per day, and (3) puffs they took before putting their vaping device away per day in the past 7 days and 30 days | 8 weeks |
| Smoking Susceptibility | 4-item Expanded Susceptibility to Smoking Index (ESSI) | 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived harms and benefits of vaping | Using the 21-item Short Form Vaping Consequences Questionnaire (S-VSQ), participants will rate the likelihood that each consequence will occur when they vape. | 8 weeks |
| Perceived harms and benefits of smoking |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Denise D Tran, PhD | University of Southern California | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Southern California | Los Angeles | California | 90089 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40259422 | Derived | Tran DD, Davis JP, Buch K, Leventhal AM, Ewing SWF, Pedersen ER. A novel online vaping intervention and smoking prevention program for young adults who vape: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2025 Apr 21;20(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13722-025-00566-x. |
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No identifying participant information will be shared with other researchers. In the case where another researcher requests access to our data, we will de-identify our data set before sharing these data.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072137 | Vaping |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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Using the 21-item Short Form Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (S-SCQ), participants will rate the likelihood that each consequence will occur when they smoke.
| 8 weeks |
| Motivation to vape | Participants will select which option best describes their interest in e-cigarette use: plan to stop (coded as 1), decrease (2), continue (3) or increase (4) vaping. | 8 weeks |
| Motivation to smoke | Participants will report if they plan to start smoking (yes/no). | 8 weeks |
| Quitting vaping self-efficacy | Participants rate their confidence about quitting vaping "someday" and "in the next 6 months" on a 5-point scale. | 8 weeks |
| Vaping quit attempts | During follow-up assessments, participants will report on the number of times they have stopped vaping for one day or longer because they were trying to quit vaping. | 8 weeks |