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Aim: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a systemic disease of connective tissue, it can also contribute to sarcopenia and chronic musculoskeletal pain with common pathways.
Methods: A total of 96-patients were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups: PEX-positive (n=48) and PEX-negative (n=48) patients. The variables: the demographic data, sarcopenia parameters (SARC-F-questionnaire, hand-grip strength, chair-rise test, gait speed) and pain parameters (having any chronic musculoskeletal pain, pain regions and visual analogue scale-pain).
Sarcopenia is defined as a decreased muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function, which leads to lower physical performance, disability and quality of life. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is an age-related, genetic and systemic disease characterized by the accumulation of abnormal extracellular fibrillar material in many ocular and extraocular tissues Aim: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a systemic disease of connective tissue, it can also contribute to sarcopenia and chronic musculoskeletal pain with common pathways.
Methods: A total of 96-patients were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups according to having pseudoexfoliation material in ocular tissues: PEX-positive (n=48) and PEX-negative (n=48) patients. The variables: the demographic data, sarcopenia parameters (SARC-F-questionnaire, hand-grip strength, chair-rise test, gait speed) and pain parameters (having any chronic musculoskeletal pain, pain regions and visual analogue scale-pain).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| PEX-positive patients | The criteria to diagnose Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) were, after pupillary dilatation, the presence of white fluffy dandruff-like material on one or more anterior segment structures, including the pupillary margin, the anterior lens capsule, or the angle in biomicroscopic examination. The patients were divided into two groups: solely based on PEX-positive (n=48) and PEX-negative (n=48) status |
| |
| PEX-negative patients | The criteria to diagnose Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) were, after pupillary dilatation, the presence of white fluffy dandruff-like material on one or more anterior segment structures, including the pupillary margin, the anterior lens capsule, or the angle in biomicroscopic examination. The patients were divided into two groups: solely based on PEX-positive (n=48) and PEX-negative (n=48) status |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARC-F questionnaire | Diagnostic Test | The SARC-F scale has 5 questions which evaluate strength, assistance in ambulation, rising from a chair, stair climbing, and falls. The cut off point for predicting sarcopenia is score 4; "4 and more" means risk of sarcopenia. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| SARC-F | The SARC-F scale has 5 questions which evaluate strength, assistance in ambulation, rising from a chair, stair climbing, and falls. The cut off point for predicting sarcopenia is score 4; "4 and more" means risk of sarcopenia. | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Grip strength | Grip strength was measured with a hand-held dynamometer (Baseline, White Plains, New York, USA), and the cut-off thresholds were 32 kg for males and 22 kg for females | Baseline |
| Visual analog scale |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Being over 60 years
Exclusion Criteria:
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This case-control study was conducted with 98 patients who admitted to Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic, EskiÅŸehir Osmangazi University Hospital between March-August 2023.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Fulya Bakılan, Assoc Prof | Eskişehir Osmangazi University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eskişehir Osmangazi University | Eskişehir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055948 | Sarcopenia |
| D017889 | Exfoliation Syndrome |
| D059350 | Chronic Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009133 | Muscular Atrophy |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072797 | Walking Speed |
| D018737 | Hand Strength |
| D064232 | Visual Analog Scale |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005684 | Gait |
| D010808 | Physical Examination |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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| Gait speed | Diagnostic Test | Low gait speed was defined as walking below than 0.8 meters per second. |
|
| The chair rise test | Diagnostic Test | the chair rise test (measures the strength of leg muscles), it measures the time taken for 5 times of rising from the sitting position without using arms, and was defined as low when the time taken was more than 15 seconds |
|
| Grip strength | Diagnostic Test | Grip strength was measured with a hand-held dynamometer (Baseline, White Plains, New York, USA), and the cut-off thresholds were 32 kg for males and 22 kg for females |
|
| Visual analog scale | Diagnostic Test | The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for measuring general body pain severity, which was assessed from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain) |
|
The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for measuring general body pain severity, which was assessed from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain)
| Baseline |
| The chair rise test | It measures the time taken for 5 times of rising from the sitting position without using arms, and was defined as low when the time taken was more than 15 seconds | Baseline |
| Gait speed | Low gait speed was defined as walking below than 0.8 meters per second. | Baseline |
| D001284 | Atrophy |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D007499 | Iris Diseases |
| D014603 | Uveal Diseases |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D016138 |
| Walking |
| D008124 | Locomotion |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
| D053580 | Muscle Strength |