Examining the validity of a novel 3 oz protocol in patients with tracheostomies as compared to the gold standard of instrumental swallow assessments (Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of the Swallow or Modified Barium Swallow Study).

The purpose of this research study is to determine if a 3 oz water screening protocol is an effective screen for patients with openings in their airways (i.e. tracheostomies). This procedure is already in use for many different populations and is particularly useful for clinicians who want to understand who is at risk for having food or liquid enter the lungs while eating or drinking (i.e. aspiration).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Has a tracheostomy
• Able to remain alert for testing
• Not on a modified diet for pre-existing dysphagia
• No head of bed restrictions
• Not NPO by physician for any reason other than possible dysphagia
• At least 18 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

• Does not have a tracheostomy
• Unable to remain alert for testing
• On a modified diet due to pre-existing dysphagia
• Head of bed restrictions for greater than or equal to 30 degrees
• NPO by physician for reasons other than possible dysphagia
• Less than 18 years old

Patients with a tracheostomy (dysphagia).

All of the individual participant data collected during the trial, after deidentification.

Beginning 3 months and ending 5 years following article publication.

Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. To achieve aims in the approved proposal. Proposals may be submitted up to 36 months following article publication. After 36 months the data will be available in our University's data warehouse but without investigator support other than deposited metadata. Proposals should be directed to miguel.escalon@mountsinai.org.