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The goal of this clinical trial is to study systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) electronic health record (EHR) alerts for sepsis in the emergency department (ED). The main question it aims to answer is: do nurse alerts, prescribing clinician alerts, or both nurse and prescribing clinician alerts improve time to sepsis treatment for patients in the ED?
Nurses and prescribing clinicians will receive SIRS alerts based on the group to which the patient is randomly assigned. Researchers will compare four groups: no alerts, nurse alerts only, prescribing clinician alerts only, or both nurse and prescribing clinician alerts.
SEPTIC is a master protocol for two trials on distinct subpopulations: emergency department (ED) patients and inpatients. This protocol "ID: AAAU1002 - ED" describes the ED subpopulation study while "ID: AAAU1002 - IP" describes the inpatient subpopulation study.
Sepsis is a major cause of death both globally and in the United States. Early identification and treatment of sepsis are crucial for improving outcomes. International guidelines recommend hospital sepsis screening programs, which are commonly implemented in the electronic health record (EHR) as an interruptive screening alert based on systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. Despite widespread use, it is unknown whether these sepsis screening and alert tools improve the delivery of high-quality sepsis care. This study tests interruptive (pop-up) EHR alerts. Epic Systems, the company that produces the EHR, refers to these types of alerts as BestPractice Advisories (BPAs).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| No alert | No Intervention | Participants will receive no physician alert or registered nurse (RN) alert. | |
| Nurse alert | Experimental | Participants will receive RN alert. |
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| Prescribing clinician alert | Experimental | Participants will receive physician alert. |
|
| Nurse alert and prescribing clinician alert | Experimental | Participants will receive physician alert and RN alert. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nurse SIRS alert | Other | An electronic alert will display when a nurse opens the patient chart of a patient who meets SIRS criteria. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of patients treated with Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) hour-1 bundle | The primary outcome is whether a patient receives a modified SSC hour-1 bundle within three hours from the time of first SIRS alert. The modified SSC hour-1 bundle includes (1) lactate lab collected, (2) two blood cultures collected, (3) new intravenous antimicrobial administration (from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Adult Sepsis Event (ASE) list). Patients will be tallied. | Up to 3 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time to blood culture order | Time from the first SIRS alert until two blood cultures ordered in all patients and the subgroups of patients with CDC ASE, CDC BSE, and Sepsis-3 sepsis definitions. This will be measured in minutes. | 24 hours |
| Time to blood culture collection |
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Patient Inclusion Criteria:
Patient Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Benjamin L Ranard, MD, MSHP | Columbia University | Study Director |
| Jason S Adelman, MD, MS | Columbia University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NewYork-Presbyterian Hospitals | New York | New York | 10032 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40789731 | Derived | Ranard BL, Qian M, Cummings MJ, Zhang DY, Lee SM, Beitler JR, Applebaum JR, Schenck EJ, Mohamed H, Trepp R, Hsu H, Scofi J, Southern WN, Rossetti SC, Yip NH, Brodie D, Sharma M, Fertel BS, Adelman JS. Pragmatic, multicentre, factorial, randomised controlled trial of sepsis electronic prompting for timely intervention and care (SEPTIC trial): a protocol. BMJ Open. 2025 Aug 11;15(8):e088792. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088792. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018805 | Sepsis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007239 | Infections |
| D018746 | Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome |
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
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If a patient is randomized to a group without an alert, the alert will instead be a hidden "silent" alert that does not display. However, a timestamp of when the alert was triggered is still recorded even though the alert did not display. This timestamp is used for the primary and secondary outcomes.
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Care providers will be unblinded in that nurses and clinicians will be aware if they receive an alert for the patient.
| Prescribing clinician SIRS alert | Other | An electronic alert will display when a prescribing clinician opens the patient chart of a patient who meets SIRS criteria. |
|
Time from the first SIRS alert until two blood cultures collected in all patients and the subgroups of patients with CDC ASE, CDC BSE, and Sepsis-3 sepsis definitions. This will be measured in minutes. |
| 24 hours |
| Time to lactate order | Time from the first SIRS alert until lactate lab ordered in all patients and the subgroups of patients with CDC ASE, CDC BSE, and Sepsis-3 sepsis definitions. This will be measured in minutes. | 24 hours |
| Time to lactate collection | Time from the first SIRS alert until lactate lab collected in all patients and the subgroups of patients with CDC ASE, CDC BSE, and Sepsis-3 sepsis definitions. This will be measured in minutes. | 24 hours |
| Time to antibiotic order | Time from the first SIRS alert until new antibiotic order in all patients and the subgroups of patients with CDC ASE, CDC BSE, and Sepsis-3 sepsis definitions. This will be measured in minutes. | 24 hours |
| Time to antibiotic treatment | Time from the first SIRS alert until new antibiotic administration in all patients and the subgroups of patients with CDC ASE, CDC BSE, and Sepsis-3 sepsis definitions. This will be measured in minutes. | 24 hours |
| Sepsis incidence | Sepsis incidence (CDC ASE, CDC BSE, Sepsis-3) across all alerting groups. Events will be recorded and tallied up to 90 days from first SIRS alert or discharge, whichever occurs first. | Up to 90 days |
| Percentage of patients transferred to ICU transfer | Intensive care unit (ICU) transfers for patients not in the ICU at the time of first SIRS alert will be recorded and tallied up to 90 days from first SIRS alert or discharge, whichever occurs first. | Up to 90 days |
| Median number of days of hospitalization | This is to determine the average length of stay in the hospital. Days will be recorded and tallied up to 90 days from first SIRS alert or discharge, whichever occurs first. | Up to 90 days |
| Percentage of patients discharged as deceased or discharged to hospice | This is to measure the outcomes ended in death or hospice. Outcomes will be recorded and tallied up to 90 days from first SIRS alert or discharge, whichever occurs first. | Up to 90 days |
| Percentage of patients discharged home | This is to measure the outcomes ended in returning to home. Outcomes will be recorded and tallied up to 90 days from first SIRS alert or discharge, whichever occurs first. | Up to 90 days |
| Percentage of patients discharged to rehab | This is to measure the outcomes ended in rehab. Outcomes will be recorded and tallied up to 90 days from first SIRS alert or discharge, whichever occurs first. | Up to 90 days |
| Percentage of patients discharged to skilled nursing facility | This is to measure the outcomes ended in skilled nursing facility. Outcomes will be recorded and tallied up to 90 days from first SIRS alert or discharge, whichever occurs first. | Up to 90 days |
| Percentage inpatient mortality at 90 days | This is to measure inpatient mortality. Deaths will be recorded and tallied up to 90 days from first SIRS alert or discharge, whichever occurs first. | Up to 90 days |
| Number of positive blood cultures | Positive blood cultures will be determined by blood tests. Positive cultures will be recorded and tallied up to 90 days from first SIRS alert or discharge, whichever occurs first. | Up to 90 days |
| Adverse antibiotic events | This is defined as new antibiotic allergy documented in 14 days after first SIRS alert or C. difficile infection or multi-drug resistant organism infection within 7-90 days of first SIRS alert. Events will be recorded and tallied up to 90 days from first SIRS alert or discharge, whichever occurs first. | Up to 90 days |
| Time to modified SSC hour-1 bundle completion | Time interval from first SIRS alert to a modified SSC hour-1 bundle completion, censored at 24 hours after the first alert time, in all patients and the subgroups of patients with CDC ASE, CDC Bacteraemia/Fungemia Shock Event (BSE), and Sepsis-3 sepsis definitions. This will be measured in minutes. | 24 hours |
| D013568 |
| Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |