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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Psi Chi | OTHER |
| Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues | UNKNOWN |
| D.C. Psychological Association | UNKNOWN |
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Black young adults (aged 18-30; N = 92) were racially included (i.e., received the ball an equal number of times) or excluded (i.e., received the ball only once) by other White players in a ball-tossing computer game called Cyberball; White experimenters acknowledged the exclusion for half of the excluded participants. Participants completed a cold-pressor task twice to measure pain sensitivity (threshold, tolerance, and unpleasantness): immediately prior, and after the Cyberball (and acknowledgment) manipulation. Participants also completed a post-manipulation survey examining the psychological effects of racial exclusion and acknowledgment (i.e., psychological needs satisfaction, negative affect, control).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exclusion by White "Players" | No Intervention | Excluded by White "players" in an online ball-tossing game (Cyberball). | |
| Inclusion by White "Players" | No Intervention | Included by White "players" in an online ball-tossing game (Cyberball). | |
| Exclusion by White "Players" with Bystander Acknowledgment | Experimental | Excluded by White "players" in an online ball-tossing game (Cyberball) with a White bystander acknowledging the exclusion. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bystander Acknowledgment | Other | The experimenter said "That is so messed up that they excluded you in the task. And honestly, I would say it was racist…" acknowledgment of the participants experience, "…this shouldn't have happened, and I'm really sorry it did…" an apology, and "…I'm going to talk to the primary investigators of the study to figure out how we can make sure that this won't happen to other people" a plan of action. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Threshold measured with a cold pressor task | Time (in seconds) from the participant places their hand in cold water, to telling the experimenter they are experiencing pain. | Measured immediately after the manipulation (within minutes). |
| Pain Tolerance | Time (in seconds) from the participant places their hand in cold water, to when they remove their hand from the water. | Measured immediately after the manipulation (within minutes). |
| Pain unpleasantness | Measured with a the McGill-Pain Questionnaire Short Form, the degree of unpleasantness the participant reports from the pain. | Measured immediately after the manipulation (within minutes). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Psychological Needs Satisfaction; Self Control subscale | Needs-Satisfaction Scale (Zadro et al., 2004) | Measured immediately after the manipulation (within minutes). |
| Psychological Needs Satisfaction; Belongingness subscale |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The George Washington University | Washington D.C. | District of Columbia | 20052 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38735424 | Derived | AuBuchon KE, Stock ML, Mathur VA, Attey B, Bowleg L. Bystander Acknowledgment Mitigates the Psychological and Physiological Pain of Racial Discrimination for Black Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pain. 2024 Sep;25(9):104560. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104560. Epub 2024 May 11. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| OSF Preregistration | View source |
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Shared data will be available on OSF
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059787 | Acute Pain |
| D063505 | Racism |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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Three independent groups
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|
Needs-Satisfaction Scale (Zadro et al., 2004)
| Measured immediately after the manipulation (within minutes). |
| Psychological Needs Satisfaction; Meaningful Existence subscale | Needs-Satisfaction Scale (Zadro et al., 2004) | Measured immediately after the manipulation (within minutes). |
| Psychological Needs Satisfaction; Self esteem subscale | Needs-Satisfaction Scale (Zadro et al., 2004) | Measured immediately after the manipulation (within minutes). |
| D011287 | Prejudice |
| D012919 | Social Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D063508 | Social Discrimination |