The purpose of this study is to find out if performing additional Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) scans of the subjects' brain during each week of the radiation treatment of their high-grade glioma will help improve the radiation treatment.

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) are validated MRI techniques that aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of treatment efficacy and, while they are utilized in select clinical settings, they have yet to make their way into routine clinical practice at most centers. DWI is a non-invasive MRI modality that has demonstrated an ability to predict for a response to radiation therapy in the primary treatment of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). PWI is one collection of measures that includes dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) enhancement and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging. The latter methods of MRI-adapted radiotherapy allow the opportunity to direct high-dose radiation to areas most likely to harbor resistant tumor while avoiding regions having a low likelihood of future recurrence. Multiple MRI sequences have been developed and validated that may identify high-risk areas in patients with High-grade glioma (HGG) and the ability to acquire multiple sequential time points creates an opportunity for dynamic radiotherapy that has not previously been explored. The current standard of care in radiotherapy does not incorporate any additional neuroimaging data.

This study hypothesizes that pre- and mid-treatment advanced imaging with (DWI) and (PWI) in patients with HGG can be used to generate an adaptive radiotherapy boost volume that correlates with areas of future recurrence and that this volume has a higher spatial correlation relative to the current standard of care.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histopathologically proven diagnosis of glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, or anaplastic oligodendroglioma
• History and physical examination within 28 days prior to enrollment
• Karnofsky performance status 70 or greater
• Age 18 years or greater
• Negative pregnancy test for females of childbearing potential before 1st research MRI, performed in accordance to institutional guidelines.
• Plan to receive standard of care 59.4-60 Gy in 30-33 fractions of radiotherapy. Glioblastoma patients over 65 year-old can receive standard of care hypofractionated radiotherapy including 40 Gy in 15 fractions.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior therapy for tumor except for biopsy or resection, including prior radiotherapy to the brain.
• Clinical or radiological evidence of metastatic disease outside the brain
• Prior malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer) unless disease free for a minimum of 2 years

Residents of New York or commutable distance for treatment and follow up.