Pulmonary Function Tests in Children and Adolescents With End Stage Renal Disease On Regular Hemodialysis

Pulmonary Function Tests in Children and Adolescents With End Stage Renal Disease On Regular Hemodialysis

to study pulmonary function tests in children with ESRD on regular HD and its correlation with dialysis duration and other various risk factors

End stage renal disease (ESRD) is irreversible and progressive disease which characterized by irreversible loss of kidney function. The ESRD is terminal and final pathway that resulted eventually in most of the patients suffering from medical problems affecting their renal function. Patients with ESRD need renal replacement therapy once they are established the ESRD stage via and that may either be achieved by dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) or need kidney transplantation so as to be able to keep functioning normal renal life. There was an observed increase in the morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients because of the presence of the renal replacement therapy (HD or renal transplantation). Despite that ESRD may appear as a single organ dysfunction, it also affects multiple organs with variable and numerous complications which resulted in multi-organ dysfunction so the systemic complications presented in ESRD patients are very important .

One of the most important of these complications is the respiratory system dysfunction related to renal dysfunction which is a very common complication in ESRD patients . Rising in the blood urea level, may be the cause that affects the respiratory system in the form of pulmonary edema, pleural effusion and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) .

Dialysis may have beneficial effects at least in the initial stages of some respiratory disorders among CKD patients without primary lung disease. It may lead to improvement of respiratory symptoms and even pulmonary function test values.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children and adolescents(more than seven years old and less than 18 years old) with ESRD on regular maintenance HD for at least six months before inclusion on the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients with age less than seven years or more than 18
• patients with congenital heart diseases
• patient with bronchial asthma
• patient with musculoskeletal disorders
• patient who were unable to cooperate