The goal of this prospective, multicenter, observational, cohort trail is to explore the pattern of brain temperature-brain pressure association in acute brain injury and to clarify its predictive value for prognosis and neurological function 30 days after acute brain injury.

Temperature abnormalities have long been recognized as signs of disease. Brain temperature, as part of body temperature, reflects body temperature and brain metabolism during physiologic states. There is growing evidence that brain cell function is unequivocally temperature dependent and that brain temperature after brain injury cannot be reliably predicted by core body temperature. Brain temperature is therefore increasingly becoming an important alternative to brain pressure, enabling patients with a variety of brain injuries to benefit from continuous brain temperature monitoring. Meanwhile, the correlation between intracranial pressure, which is currently the most widely used indicator in clinical practice, and brain temperature in patients with acute brain injury remains unelucidated. Whether the correlation between brain temperature and intracranial pressure has certain patterns and rhythms that can indirectly reflect the brain function of patients under the condition of injury and have a predictive value for clinical outcomes is the main research objective of this study. It is hoped that the present study will explore the correlation between brain temperature and brain pressure and the pattern of the correlation, as well as its impact on clinical prognosis. It provides a more precise target for intervention to further improve the prognosis of patients with acute brain injury.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adults, male or female, 18 to 65 years of age;
2. Acute brain injury due to subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, or craniocerebral trauma;
3. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3-12;
4. Have undergone intracranial pressure monitoring probe placement, which allows continuous recording of brain temperature and pressure data;
5. Signed informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. GCS ≥13 points;
2. Patients with concomitant intracranial infections, cerebral ischemia, congenital malformations, autoimmune encephalitis, or craniocerebral tumors;
3. At the time of onset, there was a combination of systemic malignant tumor, acute stage of major systemic organ disease, or stage of functional decompensation;
4. Maternity;
5. Undergoing experimental drug or instrumental trials.

Patients with moderate to severe acute brain injury due to subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, and craniocerebral trauma from 20 centers with intracranial pressure monitoring during treatment, which allows continuous recording of brain temperature-brain pressure data.