CVAid Medical Ltd. developed a smartphone-based tele stroke system named CVA-Flow. This system aims to evaluate the patient's neurological status, particularly detection of a possible stroke, assessment of stroke severity, and prediction of LVO as the cause of stroke. The system's app guides the user through the examination step by step based on NIHSS/ Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE) scales. The video can also be transferred offline to enable a distant stroke physician to assess the patient's status manually.

Management of acute ischemic stroke has changed dramatically following the evidence of the superiority of endovascular treatment (EVT) over best medical management, in the treatment of patients suffering large vessel occlusion (LVO), within 24 hours from onset of symptoms. The immediate consequence was an increase in the number of patients eligible for EVT, requiring secondary transfer of those patients from primary stroke centers to comprehensive stroke centers, capable of performing EVT.

EVT requires accurate and rapid diagnosis in the prehospital setting, as it is only indicated in specific patients with LVO, making up a small percentage of stroke cases, and its beneficial effects are highly time-dependent.

Of the existing diagnostic tools that accurately distinguish LVO cases from non-LVO ones, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is the most recommended tool by healthcare providers to objectively quantify the neurological impairment caused by a suspected stroke. Nevertheless, the NIHSS is not considered to be feasible in the pre-hospital setting of EMS, since it requires a greater degree of training, is thought to be too time-consuming, and has not been as well validated in the prehospital setting.

Several previous studies showed feasibility and reliability of the use of telemedicine for determining the NIHSS score from afar in stroke patients in real time, in simulated stroke patients in real time and captured video segments. Previous studies did not use designated applications designed for performing neurological evaluations, relying on simple applications for video conferencing instead, therefore requiring applicators to possess knowledge in performing neurological examinations and evaluators to be online the whole examination time.

To resolve this issue, CVAid Medical Ltd. developed a smartphone-based tele stroke system named CVA-Flow. This system aims to evaluate the patient's neurological status, particularly detection of a possible stroke, assessment of stroke severity, and prediction of LVO as the cause of stroke. The system's app guides the user through the examination step by step based on NIHSS/ Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE) scales. The video can also be transferred offline to enable a distant stroke physician to assess the patient's status manually.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥21 years of age
• With suspected acute stroke at the ED prior to treatment (tPA or EVT)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient intubated upon arrival

• Patient treated with tPA prior to arrival at the ED

• Patients with the following conditions:

  • Brain tumors
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Toxic poisoning
  • Seizures
  • Sepsis
  • Subdural hematoma
  • Encephalopathy (uremic, hepatic or other)
  • Encephalitis

• Previous stroke with permanent neurological deficit

Patients with suspected acute stroke at the ED prior to treatment (tPA or EVT)