Patient selection criteria were as follows: absence of any systemic disease; not being in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class 3 or 4 according to the ASA Physical Status Classification System (Doyle, 2017); being older than 20 years of age; the existence of panoramic and dental volumetric tomography images of the area to be implanted; the presence of a suitable recipient bone for implantation with dental implants of the desired length and diameter.

Bredent SKY® dental implants were applied at a torque level of 30 N.cm as recommended by the manufacturer. The surgery and all measurements were performed by the same surgeon.

Following the operations, the stability of the dental implants was measured at the 1st (T1), 4th (T4), and 12th (T12) weeks using Periotest (Periotest M, Modautal/Germany) and Osstell (Osstell AB-W&H, Sweden) devices. In accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations, the final implant stability quotient (ISQ) and Periotest values were determined by calculating the average of three measurements per implant. At the same time, periodontal index values of probing depth (PD-mm) and bleeding on probing (BOP-%) were recorded at the site of the dental implant at T4 and T12.

Patient selection were selected according to selected criteria.

two SmartPeg transducers were used on each implant, and three measurements were completed: therefore, total number of registers was six for each implant. All assessment was carried out consecutively regardless register time or location. Measurements were completed by one only experienced dentist with knowl- edge of the Osstell ISQ system for RFA assessment

The periotest device is placed in a horizontal position 0.6-2 mm away from the tooth surface and two PTVs (PTV1 and PTV2) were calculated with a time difference of 20 min. During each measurement, the device delivers 16 impacts in 4 s to the object.

Measurement of the depth of a sulcus or periodontal pocket determined by measuring distance from a gingival margin to the base of the sulcus or pocket with a calibrated periodontal probe.