Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) can occur due to traumatic and spontaneous events.1 The incidence of non-traumatic, spontaneous ICH is approximately 40,000 to 67,000 cases per year while the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is nearly 1.7 million annually

The authors found that AC use preinjury was associated with ICH progression, immediate neurosurgery intervention, and death after initial scan. AC use has also been associated with worse functional outcomes, and patients are less likely to be discharged home compared to those without AC use prior to injury.6 With increasing prevalence of AC, hospitals are seeing admissions for ICH, making knowledge of optimal AC reversal essential.

Inclusion Criteria:

• • ≥18 years of age

  • ICH (traumatic and spontaneous)
  • Administration of at least one dose of 4F-PCC
  • Admitted to the MHS between July 1, 2018 and May 30, 2023
  • Rivaroxaban or apixaban use prior to admission

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Warfarin or dabigatran use prior to admission

  • Prisoners
  • Pregnancy
  • <18 years of age

patients 18 years of age

• ICH (traumatic and spontaneous)
• Administration of at least one dose of 4F-PCC
• Admitted to the MHS between July 1, 2018 and May 30, 2023
• Rivaroxaban or apixaban use prior to admission