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The pilot study that will serve as the basis for the larger project - a multicenter randomized controlled single-blinded trial (RCT) will focus on testing the feasibility and efficacy of an inpatient group ACT treatment program and its effects on symptom severity and patient satisfaction in patients with psychosis spectrum disorder. The ACT-specific treatment program for inpatients with psychosis spectrum disorder is designed to enable patients to deal with their disease in an accepting manner over the long term, to promote self-determined and positive attitudes toward treatment and support options, and thus to reduce rehospitalization rates.
Inpatient hospitalization is an important time to provide patients with psychosis spectrum disorder with skills to better manage symptoms and improve functioning after discharge. The long-term goal is to reduce the negative consequences of these disorders and to have a lasting positive impact on the course of the disease. Against this background, the aim of a larger-scale future study project is to evaluate a specific ACT-based four-week treatment program providing inpatient group therapy interventions for patients with psychosis spectrum disorder. The ACT-specific treatment program is designed to enable patients to deal with their disease in an accepting manner over the long term, to promote self-determined and positive attitudes toward treatment and support options, and thus to reduce rehospitalization rates. The pilot study will focus on testing the feasibility and efficacy of the inpatient group ACT treatment program and its effects on symptom severity and patient satisfaction in patients with psychosis spectrum disorder. Here, treatment will include a high-frequency four-week inpatient ACT group therapy program with a focus on the core ACT process of mindfulness in addition to standard inpatient treatment. Within the scope of the survey, possible side effects of the intervention will also be recorded and mapped by conducting qualitative individual interviews and documenting serious adverse events.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACT group therapy | Experimental | High-frequency inpatient ACT group therapy program for patients with psychosis spectrum disorder. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACT group therapy | Behavioral | Participation in four sessions of the inpatient "Compass Group" and eight sessions of the inpatient "Here-and-Now Group". This should be completed within four weeks and may be completed within six weeks in exceptional cases. The groups are designed as a semi-open group with one therapist and one cotherapist each and are integrated into the existing therapy plan. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) | The primary endpoint symptom severity is assessed using the German version of the established Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The PANSS consists of a third-party assessment interview in which 30 symptoms are rated using a seven-point scale ranging from 1 (nonexistent) to 7 (extreme symptom). Symptoms are assigned to three scales: The Positive Scale, the Negative Scale, and the General Psychopathology Scale. The PANSS is widely used and is considered the gold standard for assessing psychopathology in people with psychotic disorders because of its good reliability and validity. | T0 Baseline Examinations: Before the start of the intervention at study enrollment T1 Final examinations: After the end of the four-week intervention (week 5) T2 Follow-up examinations: 6 months after the end of the intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) | The general level of functioning is assessed using the German version of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) numerical external assessment scale. The GAF is divided into 10 levels of functioning with 10 points each and ranges from 100 (highest level of functioning) to 1 (lowest level of functioning). Environmental conditions and physical illness are explicitly not to be considered here. Mental, social, and occupational functioning are thought of as being on a hypothetical continuum from mental health to illness. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of group therapy sessions attended and drop out rate | To provide evidence on the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, therapy attendance in the ACT-specific group therapy treatment program (reported as number of group therapy sessions attended) and dropouts from study-related treatment (reported as drop out rate in percent) will be recorded. | Therapy attendance during the four-week intervention will be measured at T1 Final Examinations after the end of the four-week intervention (week 5). |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andreas Bechdolf, Prof. Dr. | Contact | +4930130226001 | andreas.bechdolf@vivantes.de | |
| Felicitas Ehlen, Dr. | Contact | +4930130226001 | felicitas.ehlen@vivantes.de |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Andreas Bechdolf, Prof. Dr. | Senior consultant department of psychiatry Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban and Klinikum im Friedrichshain | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban | Recruiting | Kreuzberg | State of Berlin | 10967 | Germany |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011618 | Psychotic Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019967 | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| T0 Baseline Examinations: Before the start of the intervention at study enrollment T1 Final Examinations: After the end of the four-week intervention (week 5) T2 Follow-up Examinations: 6 months after the end of the intervention |
| World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) | Quality of life is measured with the German version of the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version), an abbreviated version of the WHOQOL-100 (World Health Organization Quality of Life 100). The WHOQOL-BREF, which is a brief self-report instrument, consists of a total of 26 items, which are assigned to the 4 domains of physical health (7 items), psychological health (6 items), social relationships (3 items) and environmental health (8 items). Two other items measure overall quality of life and general health. Each individual item of the WHOQOL-BREF is scored from 1 to 5 on a response scale, which is stipulated as a five-point ordinal scale (low score of 1 to high score of 5). The average score for each domain is calculated, resulting in an average domain score between 4 and 20. This average domain score is multiplied by 4 to transform it into a scaled score, with a higher score indicating a better quality of life. | T0 Baseline Examinations: Before the start of the intervention at study enrollment T1 Final Examinations: After the end of the four-week intervention (week 5) T2 Follow-up Examinations: 6 months after the end of the intervention |
| Fragebogen für Akzeptanz und Handeln (FAH-II) | German version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). The AAQ-II was developed to measure experience avoidance based on the model of psychological flexibility. It consists of a 7-point Likert scale. Participants rated between 1 (never true) and 7 (always true) how well the statements describe them. The range of scores is between 7 and 49. Higher scores on the scale indicate higher experience avoidance and lower psychological flexibility. | T0 Baseline Examinations: Before the start of the intervention at study enrollment T1 Final Examinations: After the end of the four-week intervention (week 5) T2 Follow-up Examinations: 6 months after the end of the intervention |
| Fragebogen zur Messung der Patientenzufriedenheit (ZUF-8) | Patient satisfaction at the end of the intervention is assessed using the German version of the self-report scale Client Satisfaction Questionnaire CSQ-8, the ZUF-8 (Questionnaire for the Measurement of Patient Satisfaction). The eight items are formulated as questions and each have four response options, for which 1-4 points are assigned. After reversal of polarity, all eight item values are summed up to the scale value ZUF-8 (theoretical scale range from 8 to 32). High scale values indicate a high level of "satisfaction", low scale values indicate a low level of "satisfaction". | T1 Final Examinations: After the end of the four-week intervention (week 5) |
| Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR) | The German version of the self-report scale Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR), the Personal Recovery Questionnaire, serves as an instrument for assessing personal recovery. The QPR comprises 15 items, each of which is rated on a 4-point scale (0 = do not agree at all, 1 = do not agree , 2 = partly agree, 3 = agree, 4 = fully agree ) and has been validated in German. | T0 Baseline Examinations: Before the start of the intervention at study enrollment T1 Final Examinations: After the end of the four-week intervention (week 5) T2 Follow-up Examinations: 6 months after the end of the intervention |
| Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences (CHIME) | Mindfulness skills are assessed with the German self-report scale Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences (CHIME). CHIME is a questionnaire for self-assessment of different aspects of mindfulness. It comprises 37 items that are assigned to eight subscales. Items are scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (very often). The higher the the arithmetic mean the better the mindfulness skills. | T0 Baseline Examinations: Before the start of the intervention at study enrollment T1 Final Examinations: After the end of the four-week intervention (week 5) T2 Follow-up Examinations: 6 months after the end of the intervention |
| Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-D) | Cognitive fusion is assessed with the German version of the self-report questionnaire Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ). The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) assesses cognitive fusion, or rigidly following self-generated rules. The CFQ is a 7 item self-report instrument with a range of 7-49. Higher scores are indicative of a higher level of cognitive fusion. | T0 Baseline Examinations: Before the start of the intervention at study enrollment T1 Final Examinations: After the end of the four-week intervention (week 5) T2 Follow-up Examinations: 6 months after the end of the intervention |
| Qualitative semi-structured interview analysis according to Mayring | A focused, semi-structured guided interview will be used to explore research questions related to the desirable and undesirable effects of inpatient ACT-specific group therapy. The key questions are:
| T1 Final Examinations: After the end of the four-week intervention (week 5). |
| WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (WHO ASSIST) | Since substance use can have an influence on the development of the measured data to be assessed, substance use will also be systematically recorded. | T0 Baseline Examinations: Before the start of the intervention at study enrollment T2 Follow-up Examinations: 6 months after the end of the intervention |
| ACT Fidelity Measure (ACT-FM) | The raters use a German translation of the ACT Fidelity Measure (ACT-FM), which is validated in English and can be used in different therapy contexts. | ACT Fidelity Measure will be evaluated during the four-week intervention. |