To compare safety and efficacy of microwave ablation with simultaneous ablation using two antennas versus overlapping ablation with single antenna for small hepatocellular carcinoma

Inclusion Criteria:

• Child-Pugh Class A or B
• chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C or liver cirrhosis
• presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) confirmed by pathology or imaging studies including contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) according to Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018
• single lesion less than or equal to 3 cm, or up to 3 lesions, each greater than less than or equal to 3 cm at the time of locoregional treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

• number of recurrent HCCs, equal or more than 3
• largest recurrent HCC size over 3 cm
• presence of vascular invasion by HCC
• diffuse infiltrative type HCC
• HCCs located less than 5 mm from central bile duct or large portal vein or large hepatic vein
• platelet count less than 40,000 per mm3 or International Normalized Ratio (INR) prolongation over 50%
• presence of extrahepatic metastasis