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This prospective randomized comparative study, to assess post-operative lung atelectasis by comparing calculated lung score using ultrasound between pediatric patients intubated with LMA (laryngeal mask airway) under volume versus pressure controlled modes of ventilation.
The initial US scanning will be done prior to the induction of anesthesia. Induction of anesthesia using 4% sevoflurane. Adequate size LMA will be inserted after adequate depth of anesthesia adjusted.
Group A (n=25): will receive pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Group B (n=25): will receive volume-controlled ventilation (VCV).
US scanning and Arterial blood gases at the following:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group A pressure control ventilation | Experimental | Inspiratory pressure was adjusted to achieve an expired tidal volume of 7 ml/Kg, respiratory rate was adjusted to achieve an end ETCO2 at 32-35 mmHg, inspiratory to expiratory ratio at 1:2, PEEP at 4 cm H2O and FiO2 at 0.5 providing that the maximum airway pressure was limited to 25 cmH2O. |
|
| Group B volume control ventilation | Experimental | VT adjacent to 7 ml/Kg, respiratory rate was adjusted to achieve an end ETCO2 at 32-35 mmHg and I/E at: 1:2 and PEEP at 4 cm H2O and FiO2 at 0.5. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LMA (Laryngeal Mask Airway) | Device | Pressure controlled versus Volume controlled ventilation using LMA |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Post operative incidence of Lung atelectasis immediate post-removal of LMA. | calculate lung score using lung ultrasound | immediated post removal of LMA |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Correlation between lung score and PaO2 /FiO2 ratio | Arterial blood gases (ABG) in different time | From the preoperative period (T0) to 30 minutes post-extubation |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization procedures. Age from 2 years to 6 years of both sexes.
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Amel Hanfy Abo El- Ela | Kasr El Aini Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dalia Saad | Cairo | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12029240 | Background | Hedenstierna G. Airway closure, atelectasis and gas exchange during anaesthesia. Minerva Anestesiol. 2002 May;68(5):332-6. | |
| 34359177 | Background | Stefanik E, Drewnowska O, Lisowska B, Turek B. Causes, Effects and Methods of Monitoring Gas Exchange Disturbances during Equine General Anaesthesia. Animals (Basel). 2021 Jul 9;11(7):2049. doi: 10.3390/ani11072049. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006330 | Heart Defects, Congenital |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018376 | Cardiovascular Abnormalities |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017214 | Laryngeal Masks |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007442 | Intubation, Intratracheal |
| D058109 | Airway Management |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D007440 | Intubation |
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For group A pressure control ventilation will be adjusted as follows:
Inspiratory pressure will be adjusted to achieve an expired tidal volume of 7 ml/Kg, respiratory rate will be adjusted to achieve an end ETCO2 at 32-35 mmHg, inspiratory to expiratory ratio at 1:2, PEEP at 4 cm H 2 O and FiO2 at 0.5 providing that the maximum airway pressure will be limited to 25 cmH2O.
For group B volume control ventilation will be adjusted as follows:
tidal volume (VT) adjacent to 7 ml/Kg, respiratory rate will be adjusted to achieve an end ETCO2 at 32-35 mmHg and I/E at: 1:2 and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)at 4 cmH2O and FiO2 at 0.5.
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Patients will be randomly allocated by a computer-generated list (www.randomization.com) into one of the study groups in the day of the study . The randomization sequence will be concealed in sealed envelopes and will be opened by an independent nurse. The data collector and data analysis will be blind to group assignments.
|
| 30048331 | Background | Chiumello D, Mongodi S, Algieri I, Vergani GL, Orlando A, Via G, Crimella F, Cressoni M, Mojoli F. Assessment of Lung Aeration and Recruitment by CT Scan and Ultrasound in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients. Crit Care Med. 2018 Nov;46(11):1761-1768. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003340. |
| 35792663 | Background | Rodriguez-Fanjul J, Corsini I, Orti CS, Bobillo-Perez S, Raimondi F. Lung ultrasound to evaluate lung recruitment in neonates with respiratory distress (RELUS study). Pediatr Pulmonol. 2022 Oct;57(10):2502-2510. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26066. Epub 2022 Jul 12. |
| 36084154 | Background | Li X, Liu B, Wang Y, Xiong W, Zhang Y, Bao D, Liang Y, Li L, Liu G, Jin X. The effects of laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube on atelectasis in patients undergoing general anesthesia assessed by lung ultrasound: A protocol for a prospective, randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2022 Sep 9;17(9):e0273410. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273410. eCollection 2022. |
| 24662376 | Background | Acosta CM, Maidana GA, Jacovitti D, Belaunzaran A, Cereceda S, Rae E, Molina A, Gonorazky S, Bohm SH, Tusman G. Accuracy of transthoracic lung ultrasound for diagnosing anesthesia-induced atelectasis in children. Anesthesiology. 2014 Jun;120(6):1370-9. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000231. |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D008919 |
| Investigative Techniques |
| D008397 | Masks |
| D011482 | Protective Devices |
| D004864 | Equipment and Supplies |
| D000067393 | Personal Protective Equipment |
| D008420 | Manufactured Materials |
| D013676 | Technology, Industry, and Agriculture |