The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about Application and translational research of 3D printed models in the surgical treatment of common bile duct stones under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The main question it aims to answer are:Compare the differences in stone removal time, surgical complications, and surgical success rate during ERCP (+EST) surgery between 30 patients who used 3D printing preoperative simulation and 30 patients who did not use it.

Participating patients will be divided into two groups, one group of 30 patients will use 3D printed models for preoperative simulation planning and then undergo surgery, and the other group will undergo surgery directly without using 3D printed models.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with multiple or single common bile duct stones (total stone diameter ≤1.5 cm)
• Patients who voluntarily participated in the study and signed the consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with various underlying diseases, such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension, that would increase the risk of surgery and affect the outcome of surgery
• Patients who have had cholangiojejunostomy or Roux-en-Y anastomosis
• Combined with intrahepatic bile duct stones require surgical treatment